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mara

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See also: Appendix:Variations of "mara"
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English

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WOTD – 4 November 2013

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ, cognate with Old English mare or mære. Doublet of mare. See nightmare.

Noun

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mara (plural maras)

  1. (European folklore) A nightmare; a spectre or wraith-like creature in Germanic and particularly Scandinavian folklore; a female demon who torments people in sleep by crouching on their chests or stomachs, or by causing terrifying visions.
    • 1996, Catharina Raudvere, “Now you see her, now you don't: some notes on the conception of female shape-shifters in Scandinavian traditions”, in Sandra Billington, Miranda Green, editors, The Concept of the Goddess, pages 41–55:
      The corpus of related texts tells us that within rural society it was not improbable for your neighbour's envy of your fine cattle to take the form of a mara.
Translations
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Further reading
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Etymology 2

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Borrowed from Sanskrit मार (māra).

Noun

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mara (plural maras)

  1. (Buddhism) A type of god that prevents accomplishment or success.
    • 2011, Graham Woodhouse, Lobsang Gyatso, Tsongkhapa's Praise for Dependent Relativity‎[1], Wisdom Publications, page 20:
      Mara means demon, or demonic influence, that hinders the practice of virtue. It may be an external spirit or an aspect of our own imperfect condition. All hindrances on the path to liberation are subsumed under the four maras. The first mara is the mara of the aggregates. […] The second of the maras is the mara of the afflictions, which are the same as the afflictive obstructions. They are identified as a mara because they precipitate all harmful actions, from malicious gossip to murder. […] The third mara is Devaputra, literally "son of a god," an external troublemaker who specializes in interfering with beings who are endeavoring to achieve something positive. […] The last mara is the mara of death.
  2. (Buddhism) Any malicious or evil spirit.
    • 2002, Sarvananda Bluestone, The World Dream Book, page 73:
      The mara is the spirit that causes illness, accidents, and mishaps. The only protection against it is another mara who befriends a person or a group. A mara who becomes friendly is called a gunik. This transformation occurs when a mara comes to a person in a dream and states a desire to be friendly. But there are deceitful maras who pretend to be friendly, yet will betray the person who trusts them.
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Translations
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Further reading
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Etymology 3

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From New World Spanish mará.

Noun

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mara (plural maras)

  1. Any caviid rodent of genus Dolichotis, common in the Patagonian steppes of Argentina.
    • 1999, Michael A. Mares, editor, Encyclopedia of Deserts‎[2], Mara, page 349:
      Maras have a white patch of fur on the rump that they flash when running, an adaptation they share with several species of deer and antelopes.
    • 2011, Terry A. Vaughan, James M. Ryan, Nicholas J. Czaplewski, Mammalogy, 5th edition, page 228:
      Although only Dolichotis, the Patagonian mara, is strongly cursorial, all caviids have certain features typical of cursorial mammals […] .
    • 2013, R. L. Honeycutt, “Chapter 3: Phylogenetics of Caviomorph Rodents and Genetic Perspectives on the Evolution of Sociality and Mating Systems in the Caviidae”, in José Roberto Moreira, Katia Maria P.M.B. Ferraz, Emilio A. Herrera, David W. Macdonald, editors, Capybara: Biology, Use and Conservation of an Exceptional Neotropical Species‎[3], page 70:
      Maras (Dolichotis patagonum) are cursorial and prefer open areas with low vegetation for breeding and more barren sites for construction of communal dens (Taber and Macdonald 1992; Baldi 2007).
Derived terms
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Translations
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References

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See also

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Anagrams

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Afar

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Etymology 1

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Possibly related to Arabic مَرْء (marʔ, “man”) and Akkadian 𒌉 (mārum, “son”).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈmara/ [ˈmʌɾʌ]
  • Hyphenation: ma‧ra

Noun

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mára m 

  1. (in compounds) people
    • Saytun Qhuraan kee kay maqnah tarjamaty Qafar afal tani [The clear Qur'an and its explanation translated into the Afar language]‎[4], Suurat Al-Faatica, verse 3:
      Ummaan ginoh Fulte Racmatta leeh, yeemene marah Gunê Racmatta-le Rabbi kinni.
      He [who] surpasses the mercy of every creation, he is the God who gives mercy to the believing people.
  2. (Northern dialects, in compounds) living
Declension
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Declension of mára
absolutive mára
predicative mára
subjective marí
genitive marín
Postpositioned forms
l-case máral
k-case márak
t-case márat
h-case márah
Derived terms
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  • maré (“to live; family”)

Etymology 2

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See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /maˈra/ [mʌˈɾʌ]
  • Hyphenation: ma‧ra

Verb

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mara

  1. first/third-person masculine singular affirmative imperfective of maré

References

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  • E. M. Parker, R. J. Hayward (1985) “màra”, in An Afar-English-French dictionary (with Grammatical Notes in English), University of London, →ISBN
  • Marie-Claude Simeone-Senelle, Mohamed Hassan Kamil (2013 August) “Gender, Number and Agreement in Afar (Cushitic language)”, in 43th Colloquium on African Languages and Linguistics‎[5], Leiden: Leiden University

'Are'are

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Verb

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mara

  1. be ashamed

References

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Baagandji

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Etymology

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From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

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mara

  1. hand

Balinese

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Romanization

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mara

  1. Romanization of ᬫᬭ
  2. Romanization of ᬫᬵᬭ

Bambara

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Noun

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mara (tone màra)

  1. guard
  2. region, province
  3. (administrative division) circle
  4. savings, reserves
  5. kingdom

Derived terms

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Verb

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mara

  1. (transitive) to guard, keep, take care of
  2. to manage, govern
  3. to keep, raise (poultry)

Bikol Central

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Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maja. Compare Maranao mara, Yogad maga, Cebuano maa and Tetum maran.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /maˈɾa/ [maˈɾa]
  • Hyphenation: ma‧ra

Adjective

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mará (plural marara, Basahan spelling ᜋᜍ)

  1. (Partido, Tabaco–Legazpi–Sorsogon) dry; arid
    Synonym: alang
    Antonyms: basa, dumog

Derived terms

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Cypriot Arabic

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Etymology

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From Arabic اِمْرَأَة (imraʔa).

Noun

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mara f (construct state mprat, plural nisfán)

  1. woman
  2. wife

Derived terms

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References

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  • Borg, Alexander (2004) A Comparative Glossary of Cypriot Maronite Arabic (Arabic–English) (Handbook of Oriental Studies; I.70), Leiden and Boston: Brill, page 426

Dieri

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Etymology

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From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

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mara

  1. hand

Esperanto

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Etymology

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From maro +‎ -a.

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): [ˈmara]
  • Rhymes: -ara
  • Hyphenation: mar‧a

Adjective

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mara (accusative singular maran, plural maraj, accusative plural marajn)

  1. sea, of or relating to the sea

Fijian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul (of food)”).

Noun

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mara

  1. stench of a corpse
  2. resting place of a deceased chief
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References

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  • Gatty, Ronald (2009) “mara”, in Fijian-English Dictionary, Suva, Fiji: Ronald Gatty, →ISBN, page 157
  • Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 158-9

Finnish

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Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /ˈmɑrɑ/, [ˈmɑ̝rɑ̝]
  • Rhymes: -ɑrɑ
  • Hyphenation(key): ma‧ra

Etymology 1

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Painajainen ("Nightmare"; "Nachtmahr" in German), a painting of a mara, by Johann Heinrich Füssli, 1781

Borrowed into Western Finnish dialects from Swedish mara, which is a demon that sits on the chest of a sleeping person and causes bad dreams. This demon is known by similar names among Germanic peoples and lives in English nightmare, in Swedish mardröm (“nightmare”) and in German Nachtmahr (“nightmare”), among others.

Noun

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mara

  1. (folklore) nightmare, mara (demon that causes bad dreams)
    Synonym: painajainen
Declension
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Inflection of mara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative mara marat
genitive maran marojen
partitive maraa maroja
illative maraan maroihin
singular plural
nominative mara marat
accusative nom. mara marat
gen. maran
genitive maran marojen
marain rare
partitive maraa maroja
inessive marassa maroissa
elative marasta maroista
illative maraan maroihin
adessive maralla maroilla
ablative maralta maroilta
allative maralle maroille
essive marana maroina
translative maraksi maroiksi
abessive maratta maroitta
instructive — maroin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of mara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative marani marani
accusative nom. marani marani
gen. marani
genitive marani marojeni
maraini rare
partitive maraani marojani
inessive marassani maroissani
elative marastani maroistani
illative maraani maroihini
adessive marallani maroillani
ablative maraltani maroiltani
allative maralleni maroilleni
essive maranani maroinani
translative marakseni maroikseni
abessive marattani maroittani
instructive — —
comitative — maroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative marasi marasi
accusative nom. marasi marasi
gen. marasi
genitive marasi marojesi
maraisi rare
partitive maraasi marojasi
inessive marassasi maroissasi
elative marastasi maroistasi
illative maraasi maroihisi
adessive marallasi maroillasi
ablative maraltasi maroiltasi
allative marallesi maroillesi
essive maranasi maroinasi
translative maraksesi maroiksesi
abessive marattasi maroittasi
instructive — —
comitative — maroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative maramme maramme
accusative nom. maramme maramme
gen. maramme
genitive maramme marojemme
maraimme rare
partitive maraamme marojamme
inessive marassamme maroissamme
elative marastamme maroistamme
illative maraamme maroihimme
adessive marallamme maroillamme
ablative maraltamme maroiltamme
allative marallemme maroillemme
essive maranamme maroinamme
translative maraksemme maroiksemme
abessive marattamme maroittamme
instructive — —
comitative — maroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative maranne maranne
accusative nom. maranne maranne
gen. maranne
genitive maranne marojenne
marainne rare
partitive maraanne marojanne
inessive marassanne maroissanne
elative marastanne maroistanne
illative maraanne maroihinne
adessive marallanne maroillanne
ablative maraltanne maroiltanne
allative marallenne maroillenne
essive marananne maroinanne
translative maraksenne maroiksenne
abessive marattanne maroittanne
instructive — —
comitative — maroinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative maransa maransa
accusative nom. maransa maransa
gen. maransa
genitive maransa marojensa
marainsa rare
partitive maraansa marojaan
marojansa
inessive marassaan
marassansa 		maroissaan
maroissansa
elative marastaan
marastansa 		maroistaan
maroistansa
illative maraansa maroihinsa
adessive marallaan
marallansa 		maroillaan
maroillansa
ablative maraltaan
maraltansa 		maroiltaan
maroiltansa
allative maralleen
marallensa 		maroilleen
maroillensa
essive maranaan
maranansa 		maroinaan
maroinansa
translative marakseen
maraksensa 		maroikseen
maroiksensa
abessive marattaan
marattansa 		maroittaan
maroittansa
instructive — —
comitative — maroineen
maroinensa

Etymology 2

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From Spanish mará.

Noun

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mara

  1. mara (hare-like South American rodent of the genus Dolichotis)
Declension
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Inflection of mara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
nominative mara marat
genitive maran marojen
partitive maraa maroja
illative maraan maroihin
singular plural
nominative mara marat
accusative nom. mara marat
gen. maran
genitive maran marojen
marain rare
partitive maraa maroja
inessive marassa maroissa
elative marasta maroista
illative maraan maroihin
adessive maralla maroilla
ablative maralta maroilta
allative maralle maroille
essive marana maroina
translative maraksi maroiksi
abessive maratta maroitta
instructive — maroin
comitative See the possessive forms below.
Possessive forms of mara (Kotus type 9/kala, no gradation)
first-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative marani marani
accusative nom. marani marani
gen. marani
genitive marani marojeni
maraini rare
partitive maraani marojani
inessive marassani maroissani
elative marastani maroistani
illative maraani maroihini
adessive marallani maroillani
ablative maraltani maroiltani
allative maralleni maroilleni
essive maranani maroinani
translative marakseni maroikseni
abessive marattani maroittani
instructive — —
comitative — maroineni
second-person singular possessor
singular plural
nominative marasi marasi
accusative nom. marasi marasi
gen. marasi
genitive marasi marojesi
maraisi rare
partitive maraasi marojasi
inessive marassasi maroissasi
elative marastasi maroistasi
illative maraasi maroihisi
adessive marallasi maroillasi
ablative maraltasi maroiltasi
allative marallesi maroillesi
essive maranasi maroinasi
translative maraksesi maroiksesi
abessive marattasi maroittasi
instructive — —
comitative — maroinesi
first-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative maramme maramme
accusative nom. maramme maramme
gen. maramme
genitive maramme marojemme
maraimme rare
partitive maraamme marojamme
inessive marassamme maroissamme
elative marastamme maroistamme
illative maraamme maroihimme
adessive marallamme maroillamme
ablative maraltamme maroiltamme
allative marallemme maroillemme
essive maranamme maroinamme
translative maraksemme maroiksemme
abessive marattamme maroittamme
instructive — —
comitative — maroinemme
second-person plural possessor
singular plural
nominative maranne maranne
accusative nom. maranne maranne
gen. maranne
genitive maranne marojenne
marainne rare
partitive maraanne marojanne
inessive marassanne maroissanne
elative marastanne maroistanne
illative maraanne maroihinne
adessive marallanne maroillanne
ablative maraltanne maroiltanne
allative marallenne maroillenne
essive marananne maroinanne
translative maraksenne maroiksenne
abessive marattanne maroittanne
instructive — —
comitative — maroinenne
third-person possessor
singular plural
nominative maransa maransa
accusative nom. maransa maransa
gen. maransa
genitive maransa marojensa
marainsa rare
partitive maraansa marojaan
marojansa
inessive marassaan
marassansa 		maroissaan
maroissansa
elative marastaan
marastansa 		maroistaan
maroistansa
illative maraansa maroihinsa
adessive marallaan
marallansa 		maroillaan
maroillansa
ablative maraltaan
maraltansa 		maroiltaan
maroiltansa
allative maralleen
marallensa 		maroilleen
maroillensa
essive maranaan
maranansa 		maroinaan
maroinansa
translative marakseen
maraksensa 		maroikseen
maroiksensa
abessive marattaan
marattansa 		maroittaan
maroittansa
instructive — —
comitative — maroineen
maroinensa
Derived terms
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compounds

Anagrams

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Gamilaraay

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

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From Proto-Central New South Wales *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mara

  1. hand
  2. finger

Quotations

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  • 1856, William Ridley, “On the Kamilaroi Tribe of Australians and Their Dialect”, in Journal of the Ethnological Society of London, volume 4:
    Hand . . . mārā
    Fingers . . mŭrră.
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  • 1856, William Ridley, gurre kamilaroi, or Kamilaroi Sayings:
    immanuel murra kawāni miedul, goe, “miēdūl waria.”
    Immanuel by hand took the girl, said “damsel arise”.
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  • 1873, William Ridley, Australian Languages and Traditions, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 2:
    Hand|murra
  • 1903, R. H. Mathews, Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Aboriginal Tribes of New South Wales, in The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, volume 33:
    Hand .... ....|murra

References

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  • Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
  • Peter Austin, A Reference Dictionary of Gamilaraay, northern New South Wales (1993)

Guinea-Bissau Creole

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Etymology

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From Portuguese amarrar. Cognate with Kabuverdianu mára.

Verb

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mara

  1. to tie

Icelandic

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Etymology 1

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Verb

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mara (weak verb, third-person singular past indicative maraði, supine marað)

  1. to float under the surface
Conjugation
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mara — active voice (germynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að mara
supine
(sagnbót) 		marað
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		marandi
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég mara við mörum present
(nútíð) 		ég mari við mörum
þú marar þið marið þú marir þið marið
hann, hún, það marar þeir, þær, þau mara hann, hún, það mari þeir, þær, þau mari
past
(þátíð) 		ég maraði við möruðum past
(þátíð) 		ég maraði við möruðum
þú maraðir þið möruðuð þú maraðir þið möruðuð
hann, hún, það maraði þeir, þær, þau möruðu hann, hún, það maraði þeir, þær, þau möruðu
imperative
(boðháttur) 		mara (þú) marið (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
maraðu mariði *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
marast — mediopassive voice (miðmynd)
infinitive
(nafnháttur) 		að marast
supine
(sagnbót) 		marast
present participle
(lýsingarháttur nútíðar) 		marandist **
** the mediopassive present participle is extremely rare and normally not used; it is never used attributively or predicatively, only for explicatory subclauses
indicative
(framsöguháttur) 		subjunctive
(viðtengingarháttur)
present
(nútíð) 		ég marast við mörumst present
(nútíð) 		ég marist við mörumst
þú marast þið marist þú marist þið marist
hann, hún, það marast þeir, þær, þau marast hann, hún, það marist þeir, þær, þau marist
past
(þátíð) 		ég maraðist við möruðumst past
(þátíð) 		ég maraðist við möruðumst
þú maraðist þið möruðust þú maraðist þið möruðust
hann, hún, það maraðist þeir, þær, þau möruðust hann, hún, það maraðist þeir, þær, þau möruðust
imperative
(boðháttur) 		marast (þú) marist (þið)
Forms with appended personal pronoun
marastu maristi *
* Spoken form, usually not written; in writing, the unappended plural form (optionally followed by the full pronoun) is preferred.
maraður — past participle (lýsingarháttur þátíðar)
strong declension
(sterk beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		maraður möruð marað maraðir maraðar möruð
accusative
(þolfall) 		maraðan maraða marað maraða maraðar möruð
dative
(þágufall) 		möruðum maraðri möruðu möruðum möruðum möruðum
genitive
(eignarfall) 		maraðs maraðrar maraðs maraðra maraðra maraðra
weak declension
(veik beyging) 		singular (eintala) plural (fleirtala)
masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn) 		masculine
(karlkyn) 		feminine
(kvenkyn) 		neuter
(hvorugkyn)
nominative
(nefnifall) 		maraði maraða maraða möruðu möruðu möruðu
accusative
(þolfall) 		maraða möruðu maraða möruðu möruðu möruðu
dative
(þágufall) 		maraða möruðu maraða möruðu möruðu möruðu
genitive
(eignarfall) 		maraða möruðu maraða möruðu möruðu möruðu

Etymology 2

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Noun

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mara f (genitive singular möru, nominative plural mörur)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
Declension
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Declension of mara (feminine)
singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative mara maran mörur mörurnar
accusative möru möruna mörur mörurnar
dative möru mörunni mörum mörunum
genitive möru mörunnar mara maranna

Further reading

[edit]

Indonesian

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): [ˈma.ra]
  • Hyphenation: ma‧ra

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Sanskrit मार (māra, “slaughter, destruction”).

Noun

[edit]

mara (plural mara-mara)

  1. calamity, danger
    Synonyms: bahala, bahaya, bala, bencana, cobaan, dakiat, keapesan, kecelakaan, kegagalan, kemaharan, kemalangan, kemudaratan, kerugian, kesialan, malapetaka, mara
Synonyms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Unknown

Verb

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mara

  1. to go

Etymology 3

[edit]

From Sanskrit कोट (koṭa, “fort, shed, hut”) +‎ मार (māra, “killing, destroying”).

Noun

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mara (plural mara-mara)

  1. Alternative spelling of kotamara (“a kind of naval defensive structure”).

Further reading

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Irish

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Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

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mara f

  1. inflection of muir (“sea”):
    1. genitive singular
    2. plural

Conjunction

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mara

  1. Cois Fharraige form of mura (“if... not, unless”)

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms of mara
radical lenition eclipsis
mara mhara not applicable

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Modern Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Further reading

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Japanese

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Romanization

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mara

  1. Rōmaji transcription of まら

Kaurna

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

[edit]

mara

  1. hand

Derived terms

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Laz

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Conjunction

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mara

  1. Latin spelling of მარა (mara)

Makasar

[edit]

Etymology

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Inherited from Proto-South Sulawesi *ma(zr)a, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *maja (“dry up, evaporate”)

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈmara/, [ˈma.ra]
  • Hyphenation: ma‧ra

Root

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mara (Lontara spelling ᨆᨑ)

  1. precategorial root expressing dry or lacking moisture

Affixations

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Further reading

[edit]
  • A. A. Cense (2024) Makassaars-Nederlands woordenboek‎[6], Brill, →DOI

Maltese

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Etymology

[edit]

From Arabic اِمْرَأة (imraʔa, “woman; wife”). Formally, a backformation from the latter’s definite form اَلْمَرْأة (al-marʔa) as in most modern Arabic dialects.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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mara f (construct state mart or (archaic) mrat, plural nisa, masculine raġel or żewġ)

  1. woman
    • 2023, Keith Borg, magħġuna fit-tbenġil, Ede Books, →ISBN:
      kull skuża
      f’soċjetà kkankrata
      li ma tridx taf b’mara
      sakemm m’hemmx kwota
      li ma tridx taf b’mara
      sakemm ma tridx tivvota
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. wife
    • 1966, Anton Buttigieg, “Agnes”, in Ejjew Nidħku Ftit Ieħor:
      Miexja fil-funeral ta’ kuġintha
      mart it-tabib, li mietet fl-aħjar tagħha;
      u f’moħħha ħsieb għaddej li t-tabib jista’
      kif jgħaddi ftit taż-żmien, jitgħarras magħha.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  3. female (of an animal)

Inflection

[edit]
Inflection of mara
singular plural
m f
singular 1st person marti martna
2nd person martek martkom
3rd person martu martha marthom
Inflection of mara
singular plural
m f
singular 1st person mrati mratna
2nd person mratek mratkom
3rd person mratu mratha mrathom

Derived terms

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Mangarevan

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *malaŋ.

Verb

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mara

  1. (stative) be unhappy, dispirited

Further reading

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Maori

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Oceanic *mara (“to spoil, to go foul [of food]” – compare with Tongan mā “breadfruit preserve, Western bread”, Samoan mala “soft [of food]”, Fijian mara “stench of a corpse”, Satawalese mar “breadfruit preserve”).[1][2]

Adjective

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mara

  1. (of food) preserved esp. by prolonged steeping under running water until softened

Derived terms

[edit]
[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ross Clark and Simon J. Greenhill, editors (2011), “mara”, in POLLEX-Online: The Polynesian Lexicon Project Online
  2. ^ Ross, Malcolm D., Pawley, Andrew, Osmond, Meredith (1998) The lexicon of Proto-Oceanic, volume 1: Material Culture, Canberra: Australian National University, →ISBN, pages 158-9

Further reading

[edit]
  • Williams, Herbert William (1917) “mara”, in A Dictionary of the Maori Language, page 210
  • “mara” in John C. Moorfield, Te Aka: Maori–English, English–Maori Dictionary and Index, 3rd edition, Longman/Pearson Education New Zealand, 2011, →ISBN.

Mapudungun

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Noun

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mara (Raguileo spelling)

  1. rabbit
  2. hare

References

[edit]
  • Wixaleyiñ: Mapucezugun-wigkazugun pici hemvlcijka (Wixaleyiñ: Small Mapudungun-Spanish dictionary), Beretta, Marta; Cañumil, Dario; Cañumil, Tulio, 2008.

Maranao

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Etymology

[edit]

Akin to Tetum maran.

Adjective

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mara

  1. dry

Martuthunira

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara

  1. hand

References

[edit]
  • Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
  • Dench, Alan Charles. 1995. Martuthunira: A Language of the Pilbara Region of Western Australia. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics. Series C-125.

Ngiyambaa

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

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mara

  1. hand

Norwegian Bokmål

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Alternative forms

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Noun

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mara f

  1. definite singular of mare

Norwegian Nynorsk

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Noun

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mara f (definite singular mara, indefinite plural marer or maror, definite plural marene or marone)

  1. (pre-2012) alternative form of mare
  2. definite singular of mare

Verb

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mara (present tense marar, past tense mara, past participle mara, passive infinitive marast, present participle marande, imperative mara/mar)

  1. Alternative form of mare

Anagrams

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Nyunga

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Alternative forms

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Noun

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mara

  1. (northern dialect) hand

Old English

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Etymology

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From Proto-West Germanic *maiʀō.

Pronunciation

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Adjective

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māra

  1. comparative degree of miċel: more
  2. greater
    • c. 992, Ælfric, "Midlent Sunday"
      Māre wundor is þæt God Ælmihtig ǣlce dæġ fēt ealne middangeard,...
      A greater miracle it is that God Almighty every day feeds all the world,...

Declension

[edit]
Declension of māra — Weak only
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative māra māre māre
Accusative māran māran māre
Genitive māran māran māran
Dative māran māran māran
Instrumental māran māran māran
Plural Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative māran māran māran
Accusative māran māran māran
Genitive mārra, mārena mārra, mārena mārra, mārena
Dative mārum mārum mārum
Instrumental mārum mārum mārum

Descendants

[edit]
  • Middle English: more, mare, moore
    • English: more
    • Geordie English: mair
    • Scots: mair
    • Yola: mo', more

Old Norse

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Etymology 1

[edit]

From Proto-Germanic *marǭ.

Noun

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mara f (genitive mǫru)

  1. nightmare, incubus
Declension
[edit]
  Declension of mara (weak ōn-stem)
feminine singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative mara maran mǫrur mǫrurnar
accusative mǫru mǫruna mǫrur mǫrurnar
dative mǫru mǫrunni mǫrum mǫrunum
genitive mǫru mǫrunnar marna marnanna
Descendants
[edit]
  • Danish: mare c
  • Icelandic: mara f
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: mare f
  • Norwegian Bokmål: mare m or f
  • Swedish: mara c

Etymology 2

[edit]

Probably related to marr m (“sea”).

Verb

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mara

  1. to be waterlogged, float low in the water
    marði þá undir þeim skipit
Conjugation
[edit]
Conjugation of mara — active (weak class 3)
infinitive mara
present participle marandi
past participle maraðr
indicative present past
1st-person singular mari marða
2nd-person singular marir marðir
3rd-person singular marir marði
1st-person plural mǫrum mǫrðum
2nd-person plural marið mǫrðuð
3rd-person plural mara mǫrðu
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular mara merða
2nd-person singular marir merðir
3rd-person singular mari merði
1st-person plural marim merðim
2nd-person plural marið merðið
3rd-person plural mari merði
imperative present
2nd-person singular mar
1st-person plural mǫrum
2nd-person plural marið
Conjugation of mara — mediopassive (weak class 3)
infinitive marask
present participle marandisk
past participle marazk
indicative present past
1st-person singular mǫrumk mǫrðumk
2nd-person singular marisk marðisk
3rd-person singular marisk marðisk
1st-person plural mǫrumsk mǫrðumsk
2nd-person plural marizk mǫrðuzk
3rd-person plural marask mǫrðusk
subjunctive present past
1st-person singular marumk merðumk
2nd-person singular marisk merðisk
3rd-person singular marisk merðisk
1st-person plural marimsk merðimsk
2nd-person plural marizk merðizk
3rd-person plural marisk merðisk
imperative present
2nd-person singular marsk
1st-person plural mǫrumsk
2nd-person plural marizk

Etymology 3

[edit]

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Noun

[edit]

mara

  1. genitive plural of marr
  2. genitive plural of marr

References

[edit]
  • "mara", in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press

Pali

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Alternative forms

[edit]
Alternative scripts

Verb

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mara

  1. second-person singular imperative active of marati (“to die”)

Panyjima

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Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Ngayarda *mara, from Proto-Pama-Nyungan *mara.

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara

  1. hand

References

[edit]
  • Barry Alpher Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method, edited by Claire Bowern and Harold Koch (Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2004)
  • Dench, Alan. 1991. ‘Panyjima’. R.M.W. Dixon, Barry J. Blake (eds.) The Handbook of Australian Languages, Volume 4. Melbourne: Oxford University Press Australia, 125–244.

Papiamentu

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Portuguese amarrar and Spanish amarrar and Kabuverdianu mára.

The Portuguese word comes from Dutch aanmeren.

Verb

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mara

  1. to tie

Polish

[edit]
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

Etymology

[edit]

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *mara. Compare English mare, German Mahr.

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈma.ra/
  • Audio:(file)
  • Rhymes: -ara
  • Syllabification: ma‧ra

Noun

[edit]

mara f

  1. (literary) A dream, nightmare.
  2. (Slavic mythology) A creature believed to drain sleeping people of their blood or energy; wight, mare.

Declension

[edit]
Declension of mara
singular plural
nominative mara mary
genitive mary mar
dative marze marom
accusative marę mary
instrumental marą marami
locative marze marach
vocative maro mary

Descendants

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See also

[edit]

Further reading

[edit]
  • mara in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
  • mara in Polish dictionaries at PWN
  • Wanda Decyk-Zięba, editor (2018-2022), “mara”, in Dydaktyczny Słownik Etymologiczno-historyczny Języka Polskiego [A Didactic, Historical, Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), →ISBN

Portuguese

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Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

[edit]

Adjective

[edit]

mara (invariable)

  1. (Brazil, slang) Clipping of maravilhoso.
    • Carmen Pimentel (quoting “Siba”), Comunidades virtuais, comunidades linguísticas in 2015, Idioma, n. 29, page 192:
      Hum 700 g a menos tá mara!
      Some 700 fewer grams would be great!
    • 2018, Valentina Schulz, O Diário da Valen: Confissões de um ano inesquecível, Editora Alto Astral, page 61:
      O importante é que a pizza estava mara e conseguimos estudar e jogar um pouco de Xbox (perdi feio, só pra constar).
      The important thing is that the pizza was great and we were able to study and play some Xbox (I lost badly, just so you know).
    • 2019, Wagner Fontoura, O Cozinheiro de Bangu, Nau Editora, page 144:
      Arthur, o negócio aqui tá mara!
      Arthur, things are awesome here!

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Spanish mara.

Noun

[edit]

mara f (plural maras)

  1. mara (Central American street gang)

Etymology 3

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

mara

  1. inflection of marar:
    1. third-person singular present indicative
    2. second-person singular imperative

Rapa Nui

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

From Proto-Polynesian *mala, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *malaŋ.

Verb

[edit]

mara

  1. to start rotting, going bad

Noun

[edit]

mara

  1. lump, bruise (from a blow)

Further reading

[edit]

Scottish Gaelic

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara f sg

  1. genitive singular of muir (“sea, ocean”)

Mutation

[edit]
Mutation of mara
radical lenition
mara mhara

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Spanish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • IPA(key): /ˈmaɾa/ [ˈma.ɾa]
  • Rhymes: -aɾa
  • Syllabification: ma‧ra

Etymology 1

[edit]

Clipping of marabunta.

Noun

[edit]

mara f (plural maras)

  1. (colloquial) people in one's in-group, crew, gang, squad
    Cariño, hoy en la noche saldré con la mara de la empresa. ― Honey, tonight I'm going out with the crew from work.
  2. (El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico) criminal gang
    Synonym: pandilla
    A mediados de 2012, se acordó una tregua entre las maras salvadoreñas y el gobierno local. ― In mid-2012, a truce was orchestrated between Salvadorian gangs and the local government.
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara f (plural maras)

  1. Patagonian mara (Dolichotis patagonum)

Etymology 3

[edit]

Borrowed from Tamil மரம் (maram, “tree”) (occurring in the names of many woods).

Noun

[edit]

mara f (plural maras)

  1. Calophyllum calaba

Etymology 4

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara f (plural maras)

  1. Obsolete form of maga (“Thespesia grandiflora”).

Further reading

[edit]

Sundanese

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara (Sundanese script ᮙᮛ)

  1. (botany) Macaranga tanarius (parasol leaf tree)

Further reading

[edit]

Swahili

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Borrowed from Arabic مَرَّة (marra).

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara class IX (plural mara class X)

  1. time (used to form adverbial numbers, as in "one time" (i.e. once))

Usage notes

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Derived terms

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Adverb

[edit]

mara

  1. suddenly
    • 1973, Mohammed S. Abdulla, Duniani kuna watu, page 3:
      […] lakini mara alijikuta akisema kichinichini, "Potelea mbali, nitakwenda."
      […] but suddenly he found himself saying secretly, "To hell, I'll go."

Swedish

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Old Norse mara, from Proto-Germanic *marǭ; cognate to Old English mare or mære.

Noun

[edit]

mara c

  1. a mythological creature blamed for giving people nightmares
Declension
[edit]
Declension of mara
nominative genitive
singular indefinite mara maras
definite maran marans
plural indefinite maror marors
definite marorna marornas
Derived terms
[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara c

  1. Clipping of maratonlopp n (“marathon race”).
Declension
[edit]
Declension of mara
nominative genitive
singular indefinite mara maras
definite maran marans
plural indefinite maror marors
definite marorna marornas

References

[edit]

Anagrams

[edit]

Welsh

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]

Noun

[edit]

mara

  1. Nasal mutation of bara (“bread”).

Mutation

[edit]
Mutated forms of bara
radical soft nasal aspirate
bara fara mara unchanged

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Welsh.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.

Yámana

[edit]

Verb

[edit]

mara

  1. hear

Synonyms

[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=mara&oldid=83138366"