Scolland of Canterbury, also known as Scotland, was the abbot of St Augustine's Abbey during the reign of William the Conqueror. He was an aide of Lanfranc,[1] the Archbishop of Canterbury. He conducted building works at his abbey and promoted the veneration of Augustine in Canterbury.[2]
Career
editAs a key aide of Bishop Lanfranc he was closely involved in the primacy debate between Lanfranc and Thomas of Bayeux, Bishop of York. He was sent as an ambassador to Rome in 1073 where he advocated for Augustine's role as apostle to the English, a doctrine that greatly assisted the case for Canterbury primacy.
In 1072 he signed the statement of the Council of London 1075.[3] at which Bishop Lanfranc blessed him.[4]
Scolland also rebuilt many of the Abbey buildings in the Romanesque style.
He died in 1087[5] and was replaced by Wido. The monks of the Abbey rebelled against Wido, and were expelled from the monastery. Several were also arrested.[6]
Historical attestation
editScolland is mentioned in Domesday Book, where he is listed as tenant-in-chief of numerous small lots in Kent, and he witnessed a number of deeds of William the Conqueror.[7] He appears in the Vita of St Dunstan.[8]
The Bayeux Tapestry
edit
The abbot had been head monk in the scriptorium of Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel and carried many of the techniques developed in France to Canterbury.[9][10] as well as importing a number of manuscripts from France.[11]
Howard B. Clarke[12] has proposed that Scolland was the designer of the tapestry, because of his previous position as head of the scriptorium at Mont Saint-Michel, his travels to Trajan's Column, and his connections to Wadard and Vital, two individuals identified in the tapestry.[13]
Historian Richard Gameson has suggested that a monk depicted in the Bayeux Tapestry and pointing at the Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel is Abbot Scolland.[14]
References
edit- ^ The Letters of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury (Clarendon Press, 1979) p49.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 p2 & 4.
- ^ The Letters of Lanfranc, Archbishop of Canterbury (Clarendon Press, 1979) p79.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 (A&C Black, 1 Jan. 1995) p23.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 p4.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 p93.
- ^ Richard Eales and Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109, p. 23.
- ^ Bernard J. Muir, Andrew J. Turner, Eadmer of Canterbury: Lives and Miracles of Saints Oda, Dunstan, and Oswald (Clarendon Press, 6 Apr. 2006) p179.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 p93.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 p114.
- ^ Richard Eales, Richard Sharpe, Canterbury and the Norman Conquest: Churches, Saints and Scholars, 1066-1109 p110.
- ^ Clarke, Howard B. (2013). "The Identity of the Designer of the Bayeux Tapestry". Anglo-Norman Studies. 35: 119–140. doi:10.1017/9781782041085.009. ISBN 978-1-78204-108-5.
- ^ "Designer of the Bayeux Tapestry identified". Medievalists.net. 30 October 2013. Retrieved 30 October 2013.
- ^ Abbey of Mont Saint-Michel, english-heritage.org.uk.