Rimouski (/ˌrɪmˈuːski/ /ˌrɪmuːˈski/ rim-OO-skee RIM-oo-SKEE; French: [ʁimuski] ⓘ) is a city in Quebec, Canada. Rimouski is located in the Bas-Saint-Laurent region, at the mouth of the Rimouski River. It has a population of 48,935 (as of 2021).[3] Rimouski, whose motto is Legi patrum fidelis (Faithful to the law of our fathers), is located on the south shore of the Saint Lawrence Estuary, around 300 km downstream of Quebec City. It is the site of Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), the Cégep de Rimouski (which includes the Institut maritime du Québec) and the Music Conservatory. It is also the home of some ocean sciences research centres (see below).
Rimouski | |
|---|---|
| City of Rimouski Ville de Rimouski | |
 Skyline of Rimouski from St. Lawrence River | |
 Flag .svg) Coat of arms  Logo | |
| Motto: Legi patrum fidelis (Fidèles à la loi de nos pères) | |
 Location within Rimouski-Neigette RCM | |
  Rimouski Location in eastern Quebec | |
| Coordinates: 48°27′N 68°32′W / 48.45°N 68.53°W[1] | |
| Country |  Canada |
| Province |  Quebec |
| Region | Bas-Saint-Laurent |
| RCM | Rimouski-Neigette |
| Constituted | January 1, 2002 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Guy Caron |
| • Federal riding | Rimouski-Neigette—Témiscouata—Les Basques |
| • Prov. riding | Rimouski |
| Area | |
• City | 529.50 km2 (204.44 sq mi) |
| • Land | 339.13 km2 (130.94 sq mi) |
| • Urban | 28.52 km2 (11.01 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 772.93 km2 (298.43 sq mi) |
| Population (2021)[3] | |
• City | 48,935 |
| • Density | 144.3/km2 (374/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 39,840 (75th) |
| • Urban density | 1,396.9/km2 (3,618/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 53,944 (60th) |
| • Metro density | 69.8/km2 (181/sq mi) |
| • Change 2016-2021 |  0.8% |
| • Dwellings | 24,262 |
| Demonym(s) | Rimouskois, Rimouskoise |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| Postal code(s) | |
| Area code(s) | 418 and 581 |
Highways  A-20 |  R-132  R-232 |
| Geocode | 24 10043 |
| Website | www |
History
editThe name Rimouski most likely derived from a Micmac word meaning "land of the moose".[6] The city was founded by Sir René Lepage de Ste-Claire in 1696. Originally from Ouanne in the Burgundy region, he exchanged property he owned on the Île d'Orléans with Augustin Rouer de la Cardonnière for the Seigneurie of Rimouski, which extended along the St. Lawrence River from the Hâtée River at Le Bic to the Métis River. De la Cardonnière had been the owner of Rimouski since 1688, but had never lived there. René Lepage moved his family to Rimouski, where it held the seigneurie until 1790, when it was sold to the Quebec City businessman Joseph Drapeau.
The "Maison Lamontagne" was built in 1750 per Marie-Agnès Lepage, granddaughter of René Lepage de Ste-Claire. It carries now the surname of the family that resided at it in 1844. It is one of the oldest half-timbered houses in Quebec and is within what is now called the District of Rimouski-Est.
Today, a boulevard, park and monument at the western entrance of Rimouski bear the name of René Lepage.
The "Red Night"
editOn May 6, 1950, Rimouski suffered a severe fire, in which 319 houses burned to the ground. This event is known as La nuit rouge (French for Red Night). The fire originated in the Price Brothers and Company yard on the left shore of the Rimouski River and quickly crossed the river and spread throughout the city pushed by strong winds, destroying half of the city. No one died in the blaze. Legend has it that a priest sprinkled holy water around the city's cathedral and that the fire would not cross the line.
Geography
editClimate
editRimouski has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) with cold, snowy winters and warm, rainy summers.
| Climate data for Rimouski (1981−2010) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 14.5 (58.1) |
12.5 (54.5) |
21.1 (70.0) |
29.0 (84.2) |
32.8 (91.0) |
35.0 (95.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
33.9 (93.0) |
33.0 (91.4) |
26.5 (79.7) |
21.5 (70.7) |
15.0 (59.0) |
36.0 (96.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −7.4 (18.7) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
14.8 (58.6) |
20.6 (69.1) |
23.3 (73.9) |
22.1 (71.8) |
17.2 (63.0) |
10.0 (50.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
8.5 (47.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) |
−9.4 (15.1) |
−4.1 (24.6) |
3.3 (37.9) |
9.9 (49.8) |
15.4 (59.7) |
18.3 (64.9) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.9 (55.2) |
6.6 (43.9) |
0.3 (32.5) |
−6.7 (19.9) |
4.4 (39.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −15.4 (4.3) |
−13.5 (7.7) |
−8.1 (17.4) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
4.9 (40.8) |
10.2 (50.4) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
3.1 (37.6) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−10 (14) |
0.2 (32.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −33 (−27) |
−32 (−26) |
−25.5 (−13.9) |
−22 (−8) |
−7.2 (19.0) |
0.0 (32.0) |
3.0 (37.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−7.8 (18.0) |
−16.5 (2.3) |
−30.6 (−23.1) |
−33 (−27) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 71.1 (2.80) |
64.7 (2.55) |
60.4 (2.38) |
65.4 (2.57) |
84.8 (3.34) |
84.9 (3.34) |
91.3 (3.59) |
85.5 (3.37) |
87.9 (3.46) |
91.5 (3.60) |
83.5 (3.29) |
87.6 (3.45) |
958.5 (37.74) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 8.0 (0.31) |
8.2 (0.32) |
14.6 (0.57) |
50.8 (2.00) |
83.5 (3.29) |
84.9 (3.34) |
91.3 (3.59) |
85.5 (3.37) |
87.9 (3.46) |
89.7 (3.53) |
56.7 (2.23) |
25.4 (1.00) |
686.5 (27.03) |
| Average snowfall cm (inches) | 63.1 (24.8) |
56.4 (22.2) |
45.8 (18.0) |
16.1 (6.3) |
1.3 (0.5) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
0.0 (0.0) |
1.8 (0.7) |
26.8 (10.6) |
62.2 (24.5) |
273.5 (107.7) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 15.1 | 12.3 | 11.5 | 12.7 | 14.4 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 13.3 | 14.2 | 166.7 |
| Average rainy days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 1.4 | 1.6 | 3.4 | 10.1 | 14.3 | 14.6 | 15.3 | 13.8 | 14.2 | 15.3 | 8.6 | 3.0 | 115.6 |
| Average snowy days (≥ 0.2 cm) | 14.2 | 11.2 | 8.4 | 3.4 | 0.46 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.43 | 6.0 | 11.9 | 56.0 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 52.8 | 89.3 | 134.3 | 155.4 | 192.2 | 217.2 | 231.5 | 221.1 | 157.7 | 95.8 | 55.3 | 51.9 | 1,654.5 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 19.4 | 31.3 | 36.5 | 38.0 | 40.8 | 45.1 | 47.7 | 49.8 | 41.6 | 28.5 | 19.9 | 19.9 | 34.9 |
| Source: Environment Canada[7][8] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
edit| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1871 | 1,186 | — |
| 1881 | 1,417 | +19.5% |
| 1891 | 1,429 | +0.8% |
| 1901 | 1,804 | +26.2% |
| 1911 | 3,097 | +71.7% |
| 1921 | 3,612 | +16.6% |
| 1931 | 5,589 | +54.7% |
| 1941 | 7,009 | +25.4% |
| 1951 | 11,565 | +65.0% |
| 1956 | 14,630 | +26.5% |
| 1961 | 17,739 | +21.3% |
| 1966 | 20,330 | +14.6% |
| 1971 | 26,934 | +32.5% |
| 1976 | 27,897 | +3.6% |
| 1981 | 29,120 | +4.4% |
| 1986 | 29,672 | +1.9% |
| 1991 | 30,873 | +4.0% |
| 1996 | 31,773 | +2.9% |
| 2001 | 31,305 | −1.5% |
| 2006 | 42,240 | +34.9% |
| 2011 | 46,860 | +10.9% |
| 2016 | 48,664 | +3.8% |
| 2021 | 48,935 | +0.6% |
| Source: Statistics Canada | ||
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Rimouski had a population of 48,935 living in 23,470 of its 24,849 total private dwellings, a change of 0.6% from its 2016 population of 48,664. With a land area of 339.13 km2 (130.94 sq mi), it had a population density of 144.3/km2 (373.7/sq mi) in 2021.[9][failed verification]
| 2021 | 2016 | 2011 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 48,935 (+0.6% from 2016) | 48,664 (+3.8% from 2011) | 46,860 (+3.7% from 2006) |
| Land area | 339.13 km2 (130.94 sq mi) | 339.64 km2 (131.14 sq mi) | 339.84 km2 (131.21 sq mi) |
| Population density | 144.3/km2 (374/sq mi) | 143.3/km2 (371/sq mi) | 137.9/km2 (357/sq mi) |
| Median age | 47.2 (M: 45.2, F: 49.2) | 47.5 (M: 44.7, F: 49.9) | 46.4 (M: 44.2, F: 48.2) |
| Private dwellings | 24,849 (total) 23,470 (occupied) | 24,262 (total) | 22,703 (total) |
| Median household income | $66,000 | $56,728 | $57,841 |
The 2021 census found that French was the mother tongue of 97.2% of the population. The next most common mother tongues were English (0.8%), Spanish (0.3%), Arabic (0.2%), and Swahili (0.1%).[15][failed verification]
| Language | Population | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| English | 230 | 1% |
| French | 47,910 | 98% |
| Other | 295 | 1% |
Economy
editMaritime sector
editOne of Rimouski's primary economic fields is its maritime sector. Around 1900, the port was important for operating mail tenders such as HMCS Lady Evelyn for transatlantic liners. These could take mail from an arriving ship in the mouth of the St Lawrence, then speed it by rail to Quebec, arriving long before the ship. The town welcomes students at the Institut Maritime du Québec, which offers exclusively marine-related programs of studies. Rimouski is also the home of many marine research centres, such as the Institut des sciences de la mer (ISMER), the Centre de recherche sur les biotechnologies marines and the Centre interdisciplinaire de développement en cartographie des océans.
Rimouski is also home to the headquarters of the St. Lawrence Global Observatory,[2] an inter-institutional group seeking to provide, through its Internet portal, an integrated and rapid access to data and information concerning the global ecosystem of the St. Lawrence, in order to promote sustainable management.
A ferry used to cross over from Forestville twice daily from May to September, but it is not currently running.[16][17][18]
The port operates five berths ranging from 130 to 213 metres in length, with a water depth of 7.3 metres, and is mainly used for the transshipment of salt.[19]
The tide station located at Pointe-au-Père serves as the reference point for measuring mean sea level for the North American Vertical Datum of 1988, which is the reference point for determining altitude in North America.[20]
Arts and culture
editRimouski has an active cultural life, being host of festivals like Festi Jazz International since 1982, the Grandes Fêtes du Saint-Laurent, a familial musical event taking place the first week-end of July and an international film festival, the Carrousel international du film de Rimouski.
In November, the town is the host of the yearly Salon du Livre de Rimouski, the oldest event of its kind in the province of Quebec. It was created in 1964 by a group of women with a passion for literature, who wished to make literature more accessible to young readers. Every year, more than 125 authors from the region and its surroundings participate in the event, and over 300 Quebec Publishers distribute about 75 stands among themselves. Supported by Canada Heritage, the Canada Council of the Arts, the Society of development of the cultural companies of Quebec and the city of Rimouski, the event attracts more than 8000 visitors per year.
The Music Conservatory of Quebec at Rimouski, founded in 1973, is one of musical institutions that form the network of the Conservatoire of Music and Drama in Quebec.
Several renowned musicians, among others André Laplante, Marcelle Deschênes, Stéphane Lemelin,[21] Gaston Brisson,[22] David Jalbert, Josée and Martin Caron, Gilles Rioux and Joseph Rouleau, were born in the city or in the surrounding area.[23]
Attractions
editOne of the town's main tourist attractions is the Site historique maritime de la Pointe-au-Père, which features an exhibit on the RMS Empress of Ireland disaster and the Pointe-au-Père lighthouse. The museum's exhibit on the RMS Empress of Ireland disaster commemorates the loss of 1,012 persons in the most fatal peacetime shipwreck in the 20th century, after the infamous Titanic tragedy.
Sports
editThe town is also enthusiastic about sporting events. The town hosted the Jeux du Québec in 2001 and was the host of the Memorial Cup Tournament in 2009.
Since 1995, the town has been home to a QMJHL team, the Rimouski Océanic. Former Océanic players include Sidney Crosby, Vincent Lecavalier, Michel Ouellet, Brad Richards and Alexis Lafrenière.
Government
editThe city is divided into 11 districts. Six of those districts (Pointe-au-Père, Sainte-Blandine, Rimouski-Est, Sainte-Odile-sur-Rimouski and Le Bic) were small communities but were merged within Rimouski in 2002, except for Le Bic, which was merged in 2009. The municipal council is composed of the mayor and eleven councillors, each one representing a district.
| mandate | fonctions | name(s) |
|---|---|---|
| 2021-2025 | Mayor | Guy Caron |
| Districts | ||
| #1 Sacré-Coeur | Sébastien Bolduc | |
| #2 Nazareth | Rodrigue Joncas | |
| #3 Saint-Germain | Philippe Cousineau Morin | |
| #4 Rimouski-Est | Cécilia Michaud | |
| #5 Pointe-au-Père | Julie Carré | |
| #6 Sainte-Odile | Gregory Thorez | |
| #7 Saint-Robert | Jocelyn Pelletier | |
| #8 Terrasse Arthur-Buies | Réjean Savard | |
| #9 Saint-Pie X | Mélanie Bernier | |
| #10 Sainte-Blandine/Mont-Lebel | Dave Dumas | |
| #11 Le Bic | Mélanie Beaulieu |
Source: Ville de Rimouski[24]
Infrastructure
editTransportation
edit
The city is served by the municipal Rimouski Airport (IATA airport code YXK), which caters to general aviation and cargo aircraft, and by the regional Mont-Joli Airport (YYY), 35 km to the east of Rimouski, which caters to commercial passenger aircraft. There are daily passenger flights to destinations in Quebec (Quebec City, Montreal, and others) and Newfoundland and Labrador.
Between April and October, the CNM Evolution, a ferry service, operates across the Saint Lawrence River between Rimouski and Forestville, Quebec. This ferry is the fastest in the province of Quebec, crossing the river in only 55 minutes.[citation needed]
One end of the Nordik-Express line is in Rimouski; other stops (on the North Shore) of this weekly 1150 km-long line are in Sept-Îles, Port-Menier, Havre-Saint-Pierre, Natashquan, Kegaska, La Romaine, Harrington Harbour, Tête-à-la-Baleine, La Tabatière, Pointe-à-la-truite, Blanc Sablon and St. Barbe.[25] All stops are in the Quebec, except St. Barbe, which is in Newfoundland and Labrador.
The Canadian National south shore railway passes through town, and there is a VIA Rail service three times weekly in each direction, which heads westbound toward Quebec City (Sainte-Foy) and Montreal and eastbound toward Moncton and Halifax.[26]
The Orleans Express bus service also serves Rimouski; Rimouski station is on the main thoroughfare from Quebec City to the maritime provinces.
Health
edit
The largest employer in Rimouski and the region is the Regional Hospital of Rimouski with 2200 employees and 170 doctors. It handles a budget of more than 150 million dollars. Since 2004 the hospital is known as CSSS Rimouski-Neigette. The hospital serves the large majority of patients in the region as far as Gaspé. Several medical specialties are present at the hospital such as cardiology, endocrinology, fertility, gastroenterology, hematology, obstetric-gynecology, neurology, oncology, otorhinolaryngology, orthopedic, pediatric, rheumatology, surgery, and urology. The hospital also has several departments such as emergency, intensive care, and pharmacy. Several medical clinics surround the hospital located on Rouleau Avenue. The CLSC however is located in front of the obstetrics and gynecology clinic on du Gouverneur Street.
Sister cities
editRimouski is twinned with:
Notable people
edit- Philomène Belliveau (1854–1940), artist, lived and died in Rimouski.[28]
- Maude Charron, weightlifter, won the gold medal in 64 kg division at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.
- Bernard Voyer, explorer, mountaineer.
- Patrick Côté, former UFC fighter and MMA competitor.
- Pierre-Luc Dubois, NHL player, grew up in Rimouski.
See also
edit
References
edit- ^ "Banque de noms de lieux du Québec: Reference number 98682". toponymie.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Commission de toponymie du Québec.
- ^ a b "Répertoire des municipalités: Geographic code 10043". www.mamh.gouv.qc.ca (in French). Ministère des Affaires municipales et de l'Habitation.
- ^ a b c "Census Profile, 2021 Census: Rimouski, Ville [Census subdivision]". Statistics Canada. November 15, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
- ^ a b "Census Profile, 2021 Census: Rimouski, Quebec [Population centre]; Le Bic, Quebec [Population centre]". Statistics Canada. November 15, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2024.
- ^ a b "Census Profile, 2021 Census: Rimouski, Quebec [Census agglomeration]". Statistics Canada. November 15, 2023. Retrieved September 15, 2024. The census agglomeration consists of Rimouski, Saint-Anaclet-de-Lessard, Saint-Narcisse-de-Rimouski and Saint-Valérien.
- ^ https://www.britannica.com/place/Rimouski [bare URL]
- ^ "Rimouski, Quebec". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. October 31, 2011. Retrieved May 14, 2014.
- ^ "Rimouski, Quebec". Canadian Climate Normals 1981–2010. Environment Canada. Archived from the original on July 17, 2020. Retrieved November 25, 2013.
- ^ "Population and dwelling counts: Canada, provinces and territories, and census subdivisions (municipalities), Quebec". Statistics Canada. February 9, 2022. Retrieved August 29, 2022.
- ^ "2021 Community Profiles". 2021 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. February 4, 2022. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
- ^ "2016 Community Profiles". 2016 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 12, 2021. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
- ^ "2011 Community Profiles". 2011 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. March 21, 2019. Retrieved November 22, 2024.
- ^ "2006 Community Profiles". 2006 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. August 20, 2019.
- ^ "2001 Community Profiles". 2001 Canadian census. Statistics Canada. July 18, 2021.
- ^ "Mother tongue by single and multiple mother tongue responses: Canada, provinces and territories, census divisions and census subdivisions". Statistics Canada. August 17, 2022.
- ^ spéciale, Johanne Fournier, Collaboration (March 22, 2023). "Pas de traversier entre Rimouski et Forestville cet été?". Le Soleil (in French). Retrieved August 2, 2023.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "Rimouski–Forestville Ferry : transportation". Québec maritime.
- ^ "Traverse Rimouski-Forestville: "Accueil"". Archived from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved January 14, 2014.
- ^ "Arrimage Quebec: "Port of Rimouski"". Archived from the original on February 10, 2014. Retrieved February 13, 2014.
- ^ "North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88)". National Geodetic Survey. Retrieved June 11, 2021.
- ^ "Stephane Lemelin, pianist". Retrieved April 5, 2023.
- ^ "Gaston Brisson". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 5, 2023.
- ^ "Music in Rimouski". The Canadian Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 20, 2019.
- ^ "Conseil municipal: Membres du conseil". Ville de Rimouski. Retrieved December 28, 2019.
- ^ gouv.qc.ca: "Traverses et dessertes maritimes du Quebec"[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Arrivals and departures". VIA Rail.
- ^ "A View of Their Own: The Story of Westmount" (PDF). Price-Patterson Ltd. 1998. p. 142. Retrieved November 28, 2022.
- ^ "Philomène Belliveau" (in French). Société Culturelle de la Vallée de Memramcook.
Sources
editFurther reading
edit- Christiane Frenette (2009), After the Red Night, translated by Sheila Fischman, Cormorant Books, ISBN 978-1-897151-14-3, a novel relating events of the night of May 6, 1950
External links
edit
- City of Rimouski Archived May 16, 2011, at the Wayback Machine