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Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali

Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali,[1] took place in January 630 AD, 8AH, 9th month, of the Islamic Calendar, in the vicinity of al-Mushallal. Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali was sent to demolish the images of the gods worshipped by the polytheist tribes around the area.[2][3][4][5][6]

Raid to demolish al-Manat

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A fictional representation of the Sword of Ali, the Zulfiqar. Two swords were captured from the temple of the Semitic Goddess Manāt. Muhammad gave them to Ali, saying that one of them was Al-Dhulfiqar, which became the famous sword of Ali and a symbol of Shia Islam.[7]

In the same month as the mission of Khalid ibn al-Walid to destroy al-Uzza and the Suwa, Sa‘d bin Zaid Al-Ashhali was sent with 20 horsemen[8] to Al-Mashallal to destroy an idol called Manāt, worshipped by the polytheist Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj tribes of Arabia. Here also a black woman appeared, naked with disheveled hair, wailing and beating on her chest. Sa‘d immediately killed her, destroyed the idol and broke the casket, returning at the conclusion of his errand.[9][10][11]

The group who carried out this raid were formerly devoted worshippers of al-Manat [citation needed]. According to some sources, among them ibn Kalbi, Ali was sent to demolish al-Manat; however, Sir William Muir claims there is more evidence to suggest that the raid was carried out by Sa'd, and that it would have been out of character for Muhammad to send Ali, since Muhammad had been sending former worshippers to demolish idols.[12]

Muir also mentions that, similarly to the aforementioned incident, during the Expedition of Khalid ibn al-Walid to Nakhla, an Ethiopian woman was killed, whom Muhammad claimed was the real al-Uzza.[13] According to Muir, Muhammad said that the woman slain in this incident was the Goddess of the Al-Aws and Al-Khazraj tribes, i.e. Manat.[14]

Islamic Primary sources

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The Muslim historian Hisham Ibn Al-Kalbi, mentions this event as follows:

The Quraysh as well as the rest of the Arabs continued to venerate Manah until the Apostle of God set out from Medina in the eighth year of the Hijrah[16], the year in which God accorded him the victory[17]. When he was at a distance of four or five nights from Medina, he dispatched 'Ali to destroy her. 'Ali demolished her, took away all her [treasures], and carried them back to the Prophet. Among the treasures which 'Ali carried away were two swords which had been presented to [Manah] by al-Harith ibn-abi-Shamir al-Ghassani, the king of Ghassan[18]. The one sword was called Mikhdham and the other Rasub. They are the two swords of al-Harith which 'Alqamah mentions in one of his poems.

He said:

"Wearing two coats of mail as well as Two studded swords, Mikhdham and Rasub [19]."

The Prophet gave these two swords to 'Ali.
[The Book of Idols, By Hisham Ibn-Al-Kalbi, Pg 13-14]

[15]

The event is also mentioned by Ibn Sa'd, in his book "Kitab al-tabaqat al-kabir, Volume 2". he mentions that the raid was carried out by Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali.[16]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.
  2. ^ List of Battles of Muhammad Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ Mubarakpuri, Safiur Rahman (6 October 2020). The Sealed Nectar. ISBN 9798694145923. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  4. ^ "Sa‘d bin Zaid Al-Ashhali was also sent", Witness-Pioneer.com Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ Saʻd, Muḥammad Ibn (1972). "Kitab Al-tabaqat Al-Kabir". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  6. ^ Rahman al-Mubharakpuri, Saifur (2003). Tafsir Ibn Kathir (Volume 9). Dar-us-Salam. p. 321. ISBN 978-9960-892-80-1. See also Tafsir Ibn Kathir,53:19- Text Version Archived 2021-06-24 at the Wayback Machine
  7. ^ Ghulam Mustafa (Hafiz.) (1971). Religious Trends in Pre-Islamic Arabic Poetry. [Published for] the Faculty of Arts, Aligarh Muslim University [by] Asia Publishing House. p. 11. Similarly, swords were also placed on the Idols, as it is related that Harith b. Abi Shamir, the Ghassanid king, had presented his two swords, called Mikhdham and Rasub, to the image of the goddess, Manat. It would be interesting to note that the famous sword of 'Ali, the fourth caliph, called Dhu-al-Fiqar, was one of these two swords.
  8. ^ Abu Khalil, Shawqi (1 March 2004). Atlas of the Prophet's biography: places, nations, landmarks. Dar-us-Salam. p. 226. ISBN 978-9960-897-71-4.
  9. ^ List of Battles of Muhammad Archived 2011-07-26 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ Mubarakpuri, Safiur Rahman (6 October 2020). The Sealed Nectar. ISBN 9798694145923. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  11. ^ "Sa‘d bin Zaid Al-Ashhali was also sent", Witness-Pioneer.com Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine
  12. ^ Muir, Sir William (1861). "The Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  13. ^ Muir, Sir William (1861). "The Life of Mahomet and History of Islam to the Era of the Hegira". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  14. ^ The life of Mahomet and history of Islam, Volume 4, By Sir William Muir, Pg 135 See Notes section
  15. ^ Ibn al Kalbi, Hisham (1952). The book of idols: being a translation from the Arabic of the Kitāb al-asnām. Princeton University Press. p. 13. ASIN B002G9N1NQ.A full online version of it is available here Archived 2011-08-05 at Wikiwix
  16. ^ Saʻd, Muḥammad Ibn (1972). "Kitab Al-tabaqat Al-Kabir". Retrieved 17 December 2014.
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