Wikipedia

Bronisław Komorowski

This article is about the president of Poland. For the Catholic priest murdered during World War II, see Bronisław Komorowski (priest).

Bronisław Maria Komorowski (Polish: [brɔˈɲiswaf kɔmɔˈrɔfskʲi] ⓘ; born 4 June 1952) is a Polish former politician and historian who served as the fifth president of Poland from 2010 to 2015. Komorowski previously served as Minister of Defence from 2000 to 2001. As Marshal of the Sejm, Komorowski exercised the powers and duties of acting president following the death of President Lech Kaczyński in a plane crash on 10 April 2010.[1]

Bronisław Komorowski
Official portrait, 2013
5th President of Poland
In office
6 August 2010 – 6 August 2015
Prime MinisterDonald Tusk
Ewa Kopacz
Preceded byGrzegorz Schetyna (acting)
Succeeded byAndrzej Duda
Acting
10 April 2010 – 8 July 2010
Prime MinisterDonald Tusk
Preceded byLech Kaczyński
Succeeded byBogdan Borusewicz (acting)
Marshal of the Sejm
In office
5 November 2007 – 8 July 2010
Preceded byLudwik Dorn
Succeeded byGrzegorz Schetyna
Deputy Marshal of the Sejm
In office
25 October 2005 – 4 November 2007
MarshalMarek Jurek
Ludwik Dorn
Minister of National Defence
In office
16 June 2000 – 19 October 2001
Prime MinisterJerzy Buzek
Preceded byJanusz Onyszkiewicz
Succeeded byJerzy Szmajdziński
Member of the Sejm
In office
25 November 1991 – 8 July 2010
Constituency20 – Warsaw II (1997–2010)
32 – Piła (1993–1997)
36 – Katowice (1991–1993)
Personal details
Born
Bronisław Maria Komorowski

(1952-06-04) 4 June 1952 (age 72)
Oborniki Śląskie, Polish People's Republic
Political partyIndependent (2010–present)
Other political
affiliations		UD (before 1994)
UW (1994–1997)
SKL (before 2001)
PO (2001–2010)
Spouse
​
(m. 1977)​
Children5
Alma materUniversity of Warsaw
AwardsList of honours and awards
Signature

Komorowski was then the governing Civic Platform party's candidate in the resulting presidential election, which he won in the second round of voting on 4 July 2010. He was sworn in as president on 6 August 2010. Komorowski thus became the second person to serve on two occasions as Polish head of state since 1918, after Maciej Rataj. On 25 May 2015, Komorowski conceded the presidency of Poland to the rival candidate Andrzej Duda, after the latter won the second round of the 2015 presidential election.

Early life and education

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Bronisław Maria Komorowski was born in Oborniki Śląskie. Born as a son of Zygmunt Leon Komorowski (1927–1992), professor of African Studies at the University of Warsaw and Jadwiga Komorowska (née Szalkowska) (b. 1921).[2] Bronisław's grandfather Juliusz Komorowski [pl] was the last Komorowski family owner of the Kavoliškis Manor [lt] in the Lithuanian village of Kavoliškis [lt] near Rokiškis.[3] Juliusz Komorowski fluently spoke in the Lithuanian language and taught Lithuanian language to his children.[4] Six generations of the Komorowski family owned Kavoliškis Manor until 1940 when Lithuania was occupied by the Soviets.[3][4][5] According to Bronisław Komorowski, while being in Poland his family continued some Lithuanian traditions: consumption of traditional Lithuanian Kūčios dish Kūčiukai and Christmas wafers, also they "decorated the Christmas tree like in Kavoliškis".[3][4] Furthermore, Komorowski remember that his grandmother, Maria Magdalena Gorska, sang songs in the Lithuanian language and narrated about Lithuania to him.[4]

From 1957 to 1959 he lived in Józefów near Otwock. From 1959 to 1966 he also attended elementary school in Pruszków. In 1966 he transferred to Warsaw and graduated from Cyprian Kamil Norwid High School no. 24. For many years he was affiliated with the Scout Movement.[6] During his studies he was a Scout instructor in 208 WDHiZ "Parasol" Battalion in Mokotów. He met his future wife through Scouting.[7]

Komorowski recall that in his adolescence years his father took him near the border with a barbed wire, ordered him to knee and to pray with Lord's Prayer.[4] Komorowski's father also told him that he should remember that his ancestors land is behind the barbed wire and that he have to love her.[4]

In 1977 he finished his studies in history at the University of Warsaw. From 1977 to 1980 he was an editor at the journal Słowo Powszechne.

Dissident activity

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In the Polish People's Republic, Komorowski took part in the democratic movement as an underground publisher and co-operated with Antoni Macierewicz[8] on the monthly Głos (1977–1981).[8]

In 1980, he was sentenced along with activists of the Movement for Defense of Human and Civic Rights to one month in prison for organizing a demonstration on 11 November 1979[9] (the judge who presided the trial was Andrzej Kryże).[9]

From 1980 to 1981, he worked in the Centre of Social Investigation of NSZZ "Solidarity".[9] On 27 September 1981, he was one of the signatories of the founding declaration of the Clubs in the Service of Independence.[9] He was interned while Poland was under martial law.[9] From 1981 to 1989, he taught at the Lower Seminary in Niepokalanów.[9] In the spring of 1989 Bronisław personally visited the Lithuanian village of Kavoliškis and toured his ancestors previously owned Kavoliškis Manor's complex, while during his visit there he felt that Kavoliškis is his ancestors land which he love and about which he think with great emotions.[3]

Third Republic

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Bronisław Komorowski as Deputy Marshal in Sejm, September 2007

From 1989 to 1990, he was the manager minister Aleksander Hall's office, and from 1990 to 1993, the civil vice minister of national defence in the governments of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Jan Krzysztof Bielecki and Hanna Suchocka. In the early 1990s he was involved with the Democratic Union and Freedom Union. From 1993 to 1995, he was the general secretary of these parties.[10]

 
Bronisław Komorowski with Lech Kaczyński and Nicolas Sarkozy

As a candidate of the Democratic Union he was elected to parliament in 1991 and in 1993. In 1997, during the 2nd Sejm, together with a group of Warsaw University activists under the management of Jan Rokita he created Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe. In the same year Koło Konserwatywno-Ludowe joined the newly created Conservative People's Party (SKL), which joined Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS).[11]

In September 1997 Komorowski was elected as a candidate of AWS. From 1997 to 2000 he presided over the Parliamentary National Defence Committee, and from 2000 to 2001 served as the minister of national defence in the government of Jerzy Buzek. In 2001, while still a minister in the minority AWS government, Komorowski, along with some activists from SKL, became a member of Civic Platform (PO). He stood for election to the 4th Sejm as a candidate of PO. Again he was elected, this time for the Warsaw constituency.[12]

After the inauguration of the new parliament he resigned from SKL. Since 2001 he has been a member of the National Civic Platform Board. In the 4th Sejm he was the deputy chairman of the Parliamentary National Defence Committee and a member of the Parliamentary Committee on Foreign Affairs.[12]

He won election to the 5th Sejm in a district outside Warsaw. On 26 October 2005, he was elected Vice Speaker of the Sejm. 398 MPs voted in favour of his candidacy. His party had earlier recommended him as a candidate for Speaker. His candidacy, in defiance of precedent, was rejected by Law and Justice (PiS) which voted for Marek Jurek. This created an unfavourable climate further discussions regarding a PO-PiS coalition.

After the resignation of Marek Jurek as Speaker of the Sejm on 25 April 2007 Civic Platform announced Komorowski's candidacy for Speaker. On 27 April 2007 the Sejm rejected his nomination, and Ludwik Dorn from PiS became a new marshal. 189 MPs voted for Komorowski. Komorowski became Deputy Marshal.

Komorowski took first place on the PO list for the Warsaw constituency in the 2007 parliamentary election and received 139,320 votes.[13]

Marshal of the Sejm

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On 5 November 2007, in the first session of the 6th Sejm of the Polish Republic Bronisław Komorowski was elected Speaker by 292 votes. He stood against Krzysztof Putra from PiS who received 160 votes. Stefan Niesiołowski, Krzysztof Putra, Jarosław Kalinowski, Jerzy Szmajdziński were elected Vice Speakers.[citation needed]

On 27 March 2010, he was chosen by PO members to be their candidate in 2010 presidential election.

President of Poland

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Acting President

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President Bronisław Komorowski with two former presidents, Lech Wałęsa and Aleksander Kwaśniewski

Komorowski became acting president on 10 April 2010 following the death of President Lech Kaczyński. His first decision was to announce seven days of national mourning beginning on 10 April.[14]

According to the Constitution of Poland, Komorowski was required to set a date for the next presidential election within 14 days of assuming the position, the election date coming within 60 days of that announcement. On 21 April, his office announced that the election would be held on 20 June.[15]

In the election, he got 41.54% of votes in the first round and then faced Jarosław Kaczyński, who got 36.46% of votes in the first round. In the runoff Komorowski was elected president (8 933 887 valid votes, 53,01%) and formally took office on 6 August 2010.[16]

Presidency

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President Bronisław Komorowski during his inaugural speech in front of the National Assembly
 
Bronisław Komorowski with his successor Andrzej Duda and their spouses in Warsaw, 6 August 2015

Following the death of Władysław Stasiak, the chief of the Chancellery of the President of the Republic of Poland, Komorowski appointed Jacek Michałowski to succeed him on an acting basis.[17] A high number of vacancies following the Smolensk crash necessitated numerous other appointments. On 12 April, he appointed retired General Stanisław Koziej head of the National Security Bureau in place of the late Aleksander Szczygło.[18]

On 29 April 2010, Komorowski signed into law a parliamentary act that reformed the Institute of National Remembrance.[19]

On 27 May 2010, Komorowski nominated Marek Belka, former Finance Minister and Prime Minister (2004–2005) of a then-leftist government, to be the president of the National Bank of Poland in place of the late Sławomir Skrzypek.[20]

Following his election, Komorowski announced that he would resign from the Sejm on 8 July 2010, and thus cease to be a marshal and an acting president (his successor as an acting president was the next marshal of the Sejm Grzegorz Schetyna, who held the position for about a month before Komorowski's formal inauguration).[21] Komorowski currently resides and works in the Belweder Palace instead of the Presidential Palace.[citation needed]

On 25 May 2015, following his defeat in the second round of the 2015 presidential election, Komorowski conceded the presidency to rival Andrzej Duda, after the latter won a 51.5% majority.[22] His term ended on 6 August 2015, when Duda was sworn in as a new president.

Attitude towards Ukraine

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On 22 February 2015 he supported the idea of the President of Ukraine Petro Poroshenko to introduce a UN peacekeeping mission in Donbass.[23]

On 9 April, during a visit to Kyiv, he spoke from the rostrum of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. During his speech, he stated: "There will be no stable, secure Europe if Ukraine does not become part of it, and only the blind can not see the presence of Russian troops in the Donbas." Politicians in Ukraine and Poland called the speech historic.[24]

On 2 July he visited Lviv, where he received an honorary doctorate from Lviv University. During a joint press conference with Poroshenko, he stated that he would create his own institute to deal with Polish-Ukrainian relations.[25][26]

Personal life

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Komorowski has been married to Anna Dembowska (born 1954) since 1977. The couple has five children namely Zofia Aleksandra (born 1979), Tadeusz Jan (born 1981), Maria Anna (born 1983), Piotr Zygmunt (born 1985) and Elżbieta Jadwiga (born 1987).[citation needed]

Komorowski is proud that his family is from Lithuania and he always sought to stress this.[27] In 2015, during the awarding ceremony of the honorary citizen of Rokiškis Komorowski said that half of his heart is Lithuanian and that this land is very precious to him, as well as that he understand everything in the Lithuanian language.[4] According to Komorowski, in the post-World War II years he felt "ripped from the roots" and that his children also have sentiments for Lithuania.[4] Komorowski has no plans to return to Lithuania for permanent inhabitation, however he is always looking to visit Lithuania when there is an occasion.[27] Komorowski expressed in 2015 that he wish that in his family their family's heritage would be more than just a sentiment and that it would stay, as well as that it would serve for the cooperation of Lithuanians and Poles.[27]

Honours and awards

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National honours

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Foreign honours

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Distinctions

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Footnotes

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  1. ^ "Parliament Head Komorowski Becomes Poland President after Kaczynski's Death". novinite.com. 10 April 2010. Retrieved 10 April 2010.
  2. ^ Andrzej Stankiewicz, Piotr Śmiłowicz, Zofia Wojtkowska, "Bronisław Komorowski. Człowiek, który płynie z prądem." (Bronisław Komorowski. A man's ability to go with the flow of life.) Part 1 of 4. Newsweek Polska, 20 March 2010. Retrieved 28 March 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e "Rokiškio krašto garbės piliečiai". Rokiškio rajono savivaldybės Juozo Keliuočio viešoji biblioteka (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 22 December 2024.
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Minkevičienė, Aldona. "Grafai Komorovskiai – lietuvybės puoselėtojai". 15min.lt (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  5. ^ "Grafų Komorovskių pėdsakais". Rokiškio krašto muziejus (in Lithuanian). Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  6. ^ He belonged to the 75th Mazovian Scout Team in Pruszków.
  7. ^ bronislawkomorowski.pl Archived 10 April 2010 at the Wayback Machine
  8. ^ a b Mariusz Janicki, "Komorowski Bronisław. Kandydat." Polityka Weekly, Kraj; 28 March 2010. (in Polish)
  9. ^ a b c d e f Bronisław Komorowski – Encyklopedia Solidarności
  10. ^ Jolanta Kalka (4 August 2015). "Zapomniana lekcja Jacka Kuronia". rp.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  11. ^ "Bronisław Komorowski". dzieje.pl (in Polish). 19 November 2015. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  12. ^ a b "Biografia Bronisława Komorowskiego". prezydent.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  13. ^ "Wyniki wyborów". wybory2007.pkw.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  14. ^ "Biuro Prasowe Kancelarii Sejmu". Orka.sejm.gov.pl. Archived from the original on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  15. ^ "Poland's snap presidential elections set for 20 June." BBC News, 21 April 2010. Retrieved 21 April 2010.
  16. ^ "Wyniki głosowania". prezydent2010.pkw.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  17. ^ "Nowy szef kancelarii Prezydenta". TVN24. 22 March 2010. Archived from the original on 15 April 2010. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  18. ^ ła. "Pierwsze decyzje Komorowskiego: Gen. Koziej będzie szefem BBN-u" [The first decision by Komorowski: Former Deputy Defense will be the head of BBN]. Wiadomosci Gazeta. Retrieved 15 April 2010.
  19. ^ Gabriela Baczynska (29 April 2010). "Poland's Komorowski approves shakeup of archive body". Arab News. Reuters. Archived from the original on 20 March 2012. Retrieved 21 May 2010.
  20. ^ Komorowski: Marek Belka kandydatem na prezesa NBP. Archived 22 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine gazeta.pl. 27 May 2010. Retrieved 27 May 2010.
  21. ^ Shortly Borusewicz, Schetyna later. To oni będą kolejno pełnić obowiązki prezydenta They will in turn serve as President of Poland Archived 9 July 2010 at the Wayback Machine 6 July 2010. Retrieved 7 July 2010.
  22. ^ "Wyniki". prezydent2015.pkw.gov.pl (in Polish). Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  23. ^ "Польща і Латвія підтримали ідею Порошенка ввести миротворців на Донбас". Українська правда (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  24. ^ "Історичний виступ президента Польщі Коморовського у ВР. Повний текст". eurointegration.com.ua. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  25. ^ Zaxid.net (2 July 2015). "Президент Польщі став почесним доктором Львівського університету". ZAXID.NET (in Ukrainian). Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  26. ^ "Prezydent Komorowski we Lwowie. Spotka się z Poroszenką". PolskieRadio.pl. Retrieved 16 October 2020.
  27. ^ a b c "B. Komorowskis didžiuojasi savo lietuviška kilme". Kauno.diena.lt (in Lithuanian). 14 October 2015. Retrieved 23 December 2024.
  28. ^ Orders exchange between Polish and French Presidents (photo) Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine – prezydent.pl
  29. ^ Orders exchange between Polish and French Presidents (photo) Archived 12 November 2013 at the Wayback Machine – elysee.fr
  30. ^ Sovereign Ordonnance n° 3989 of 17 October 2012 (French)Archived 19 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  31. ^ "Орден "8 Септември" за полскиот претседател Бронислав Коморовски". mkd.mk (in Macedonian). 10 September 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  32. ^ УКАЗ ПРЕЗИДЕНТА УКРАЇНИ № 1057/2008. president.gov.ua (in Ukrainian). President of Ukraine. 19 November 2008. Archived from the original on 11 July 2014. Retrieved 10 May 2015.
  33. ^ "VDU garbės daktaro regalijos – Bronisław Komorowski". vdu.lt (in Lithuanian). Vytautas Magnus University. 22 June 2015. Retrieved 25 June 2015.
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Political offices
Preceded by Minister of National Defence
2000–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Marshal of the Sejm
2007–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Acting President of Poland
2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by President of Poland
2010–2015 		Succeeded by
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