慈姑
See also: 慈菇
Chinese
[edit]compassionate; gentle; merciful compassionate; gentle; merciful; kind; humane |
paternal aunt | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (慈姑) | 慈 | 姑 | |
| simp. #(慈姑) | 慈 | 姑 | |
| alternative forms | 慈菇 “arrowhead” 慈菰 “arrowhead” 茨菇 “arrowhead” 茨菰 “arrowhead” | ||
Etymology
[edit]Concerning the name of the plant, Compendium of Materia Medica says:
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ci4 gu1
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chû-ko͘
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6zy-ku
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄘˊ ㄍㄨ → ㄘˊ ˙ㄍㄨ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: cíhgů
- Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ2-ku5
- Yale: tsź-gu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr.gu
- Palladius: цыгу (cygu)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ ku⁵⁵/ → /t͡sʰz̩³⁵ g̊u³/
- Homophones:
[Show/Hide] 慈姑
慈菇
茨菰
- (Standard Chinese)
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ci4 gu1
- Yale: chìh gū
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsi4 gu1
- Guangdong Romanization: qi4 gu1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰiː²¹ kuː⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- Wu
Noun
[edit]慈姑
- (literary) husband's mother; mother-in-law
- arrowhead (Sagittaria sagittifolia)
- (dialectal) water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis)
Synonyms
[edit]- (arrowhead):
Dialectal synonyms of 慈姑 (“arrowhead”) [map]
| Variety | Location | Words |
|---|---|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 慈姑 | |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 慈姑 |
| Harbin | 慈姑 | |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 慈姑 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 慈姑 |
| Xi'an | 慈姑 | |
| Xuzhou | 慈姑 | |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 慈姑 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 慈姑兒 |
| Wuhan | 慈姑 | |
| Guiyang | 慈姑 | |
| Liuzhou | 慈姑 | |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 慈姑 |
| Yangzhou | 慈姑 | |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 慈姑 |
| Dongguan | 慈姑 | |
| Beihai | 慈姑 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 慈姑 | |
| Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 慈姑 | |
| Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 慈姑 | |
| Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 慈姑 | |
| Móng Cái | 慈姑 | |
| Gan | Nanchang | 慈姑 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 芽菇 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 慈姑 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 田藕 |
| Leizhou | 水菇囝 | |
| Haikou | 慈姑 | |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 慈姑 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 慈姑 |
| Shanghai (Chongming) | 慈姑 | |
| Suzhou | 慈姑 | |
| Danyang | 慈姑 | |
| Hangzhou | 慈姑 | |
| Ningbo | 慈姑 | |
| Wenzhou | 慈姑 | |
| Jinhua | 慈姑 | |
- (water chestnut):
Derived terms
[edit]Descendants
[edit]- → Macanese: chicú
Japanese
[edit]
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 慈 | 姑 |
| くわい | |
| Grade: S | Hyōgai |
| jukujikun | |
Etymology
[edit]Unknown. One theory suggests that this is an alteration from 川芋 (kawa imo, “river tuber”), but the old kana spelling of くわゐ (kuwawi) for 慈姑 does not match the old kana spelling of かはうも (kafaumo) for 川芋. This is more likely a compound of 鍬 (kuwa, “plow”), from the shape of the leaves, plus an unknown element ゐ (wi).
The kanji are an orthographic borrowing from Chinese name for this plant.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]慈姑 or 慈姑 • (kuwai) ←くわゐ (kwawi)?
- arrowhead, Sagittaria trifolia var. edulis, cultivated since ancient times for its edible bulb
Usage notes
[edit]As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as クワイ.
Derived terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Categories:
- Literary Chinese terms with usage examples
- Mandarin terms with homophones
- Mandarin words containing toneless variants
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Wu lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Wu nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms spelled with 慈
- Chinese terms spelled with 姑
- Chinese literary terms
- Chinese dialectal terms
- zh:Family
- zh:Alismatales order plants
- Japanese terms spelled with 慈
- Japanese terms spelled with 姑
- Japanese terms read with jukujikun
- Japanese terms with unknown etymologies
- Japanese terms borrowed from Chinese
- Japanese orthographic borrowings from Chinese
- Japanese terms derived from Chinese
- Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Japanese lemmas
- Japanese nouns
- Japanese terms historically spelled with ゐ
- Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji
- Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji
- Japanese terms with 2 kanji
- ja:Alismatales order plants
- ja:Root vegetables