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होना

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Hindi

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Etymology

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      Highly suppletive. Ultimately from Old Hindi होना (honā). See हो (ho), है (hai), था (thā), and हुआ (huā) for more. Compare Punjabi ਹੋਣਾ (hoṇā), Gujarati હોવું (hovũ) / થવું (thavũ), Marathi होणे (hoṇe), Bengali হওয়া (hoōẇa), and Assamese হোৱা (hüa).

      Pronunciation

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      • (Delhi) IPA(key): /ɦoː.nɑː/, [ɦoː.näː]

      Verb

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      होना (honā) (ambitransitive, Urdu spelling ہونا)

      1. (transitive, copulative) to be (used to indicate that the subject and object are the same)
        आपका नाम क्या है?āpkā nām kyā hai?What is your name?
      2. (transitive, copulative) to be, become (to have or gain the quality of)
        खाना बहुत बुरा हैkhānā bahut burā hai.The food is very bad.
        तुम गुस्सा हो क्या?tum gussā ho kyā?Are you angry?
        वह बहुत ग़ुस्सा हुआvah bahut ġussā huā.He was/became very angry.
      3. (intransitive) to exist
        आस्तिक कहते है कि भगवान है
        āstik kahte hai ki bhagvān hai.
        Theists say that God exists.
      4. (intransitive) to be born
        एक बच्चा हुआek baccā huā.A child was born.
        Synonyms: पैदा होना (paidā honā), जन्म लेना (janma lenā)
      5. (intransitive) to occur, happen, take place
        घर में एक मुसीबत हुई है।
        ghar mẽ ek musībat huī hai.
        A disaster has occurred at home.
        क्या हुआ?kyā huā?What happened?
        Synonyms: घटना (ghaṭnā), घटित होना (ghaṭit honā)
      6. (intransitive) to be (occupy a certain location)
        कहाँ है मेरा भतीजा ?kahā̃ hai merā bhatījā ?Where is my nephew?
      7. (intransitive) to result, have an effect
        अगर तू नहीं जीती तो क्या हुआ?
        agar tū nahī̃ jītī to kyā huā?
        What does it matter if you didn't win?
        Synonym: फ़रक़ पड़ना (faraq paṛnā)
      8. (intransitive) to pass by, elapse
        दो साल हुए हैं जबसे मैंने नौकरी शुरू की है।
        do sāl hue ha͠i jabse ma͠ine naukrī śurū kī hai.
        Two years have elapsed since I started (my) job.
      9. (intransitive, with instrumental-case subject) to be done, committed
        मुझसे एक ग़लती हो गई है।
        mujhse ek ġaltī ho gaī hai.
        I have made a mistake.
        (literally, “A mistake has been committed by me.”)
      10. (intransitive) a tense auxiliary
        मैं खा रहा हूँma͠i khā rahā hū̃.I am eating.
        वह हवाईजहाज़ को देख रहा था
        vah havāījhāz ko dekh rahā thā.
        He was watching the airplane.
      11. (intransitive) a modal auxiliary
        1. indicates the presumptive (a kind of irrealis) mood
          उसने नाश्ता खाया होगा
          usne nāśtā khāyā hogā.
          He probably ate/must have eaten breakfast.
        2. to have to, must
          मैं आज पार्टी में नहीं आ पाऊँगा, मुझे काम करना है
          ma͠i āj pārṭī mẽ nahī̃ ā pāūṅgā, mujhe kām karnā hai.
          I can't come to the party today, I have to work.
      12. (intransitive) a conjunct verb turning any noun or adjective into a verb
        खड़ा होनाkhaṛā honāto stand up
        बड़ा होनाbaṛā honāto grow up
        कूल होनाkūl honāto be cool
        परेशान होनाpareśān honāto be worried, anxious

      Conjugation

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      Derived terms

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      Further reading

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      • Bahri, Hardev (1989) “होना”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
      • Kachru, Yamuna (2006) Hindi (London African and Oriental language library; 12)‎[1], John Benjamins Publishing, →ISBN
      • Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “होना”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House
      • Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “होना”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
      • Platts, John T. (1884) “होना”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
      • Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC

      References

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      Old Hindi

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      Etymology

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        Inherited from Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀇 (hoi), from Ashokan Prakrit 𑀳𑁄𑀢𑀺 (hoti), from 𑀪𑀯𑀢𑀺 (bhavati), from Sanskrit भव॑ति (bhávati), from Proto-Indo-European *bʰuH-. Cognate with Old Gujarati हूइ (hūi, 3p. sing. pres.).

        Verb

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        होना (honā)

        1. to be
          • c. 1420, Kabīr, Kabīr Vāṇī 76.0:
            मैं सबनन मैं अर मैं न हूँ सब।
            maiṃ sabanana maiṃ ara maiṃ na hūm̐ saba.
            I am present in all, I am not this all.

        Descendants

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        • Hindustani:

        References

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        • Jaroslav Strnad (2013) Morphology and Syntax of Old Hindī : Edition and Analysis of One Hundred Kabīr Vānī Poems From Rājasthān (Brill's Indological Library; 45), Leiden, →OCLC