捲舌邊閃音是辅音中的一种边音。国际音标没有专门表记此音的单个符号，但可以写作⟨ɭ̆⟩。
- ^ D. Richard Brown, 1994, "Kresh", in Kahrel & van den Berg, eds, Typological studies in negation, p 163
- ^ Aleksandra Jarosz, 2014, "Miyako-Ryukyuan and its contribution to linguistic diversity", JournaLIPP 3, p. 43.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 Grønnum, Nina, Fonetik og fonologi, Almen og Dansk 3rd, Copenhagen: Akademisk Forlag: 155, 2005 [2020-12-20], ISBN 87-500-3865-6, （原始内容存档于2016-11-27）
- ^ Heide, Eldar, Tjukk l – Retroflektert tydeleggjering av kort kvantitet. Om kvalitetskløyvinga av det gamle kvantitetssystemet., Maal og Minne (Novus forlag), 2010, 1 (2010): 3–44
- ^ 5.0 5.1 Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian. The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. 1996: 213. ISBN 0-631-19814-8 （英语）.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 D.N. MacKenzie, 1990, "Pashto", in Bernard Comrie, ed, The major languages of South Asia, the Middle East and Africa, p. 103
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Herbert Penzl, 1965, A reader of Pashto, p 7
- ^ 9.0 9.1 Nikolaus Himmelmann, 2001, Sourcebook on Tomini-Tolitoli languages, The Australian National University
- ^ 10.0 10.1 Donohue, Mark, Tukang Besi, Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, Cambridge University Press: 152, 1999, ISBN 0-521-63751-1
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肺部气流音
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當符號成對出現時，左邊的是清音，右邊的是濁音。陰影區域表示被認為是不可能的發音。
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