List of computer system manufacturers
A computer system is a nominally complete computer that includes the hardware, operating system (main software), and the means to use peripheral equipment needed and used for full or mostly full operation. Such systems may constitute personal computers (including desktop computers, portable computers, laptops, all-in-ones, and more), mainframe computers, minicomputers, servers, and workstations, among other classes of computing. The following is a list of notable manufacturers and sellers of computer systems, both present and past. There are currently 420 companies in this incomplete list.
Current
[edit]| Name | Parent company | Country of origin | Year of market entry | Note(s)/ ref(s). |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acer Inc. | — | Taiwan | 1976 | |
| ACube Systems Srl | — | Italy | 2007 | |
| Advanced Battlestations | Newegg | United States | 2000 | |
| AG Neovo | — | Taiwan | 1978 | |
| Aigo | — | China | 1993 | |
| Alienware | Dell (since 2006) | United States | 1996 | |
| AOpen | Acer Inc. | Taiwan | 1996 | |
| Aorus | Gigabyte Technology | Taiwan | 2016 | |
| Apple Inc. | — | United States | 1976 | |
| ASRock | Pegatron (since 2010) | Taiwan | 2002 | |
| Asus | — | Taiwan | 1989 | |
| BenQ | Qisda Corporation | Taiwan | 1984 | |
| Biostar | — | Taiwan | 1986 | |
| Brother Industries | — | Japan | ||
| Chassis Plans | — | United States | 1997 | |
| Chip PC Technologies | — | Israel | 2000 | |
| Cisco Systems | — | United States | 1984 | |
| ClearCube | — | United States | 1997 | |
| Clevo | — | Taiwan | 1983 | |
| Clover Network | Fiserv | United States | 2010 | |
| Compal Electronics | — | Taiwan | 1984 | |
| Cray | Hewlett Packard Enterprise (since 2019) | United States | 1972 | |
| CyberPowerPC | — | United States | 1998 | |
| Dell | — | United States | 1984 | |
| DFI | — | Taiwan | 1981 | |
| Digital Storm | — | United States | 2002 | |
| Dynabook Inc. | Sharp Corporation (since 2020) | Japan | 1954 | |
| Elitegroup Computer Systems | — | Taiwan | 1987 | |
| Epson | — | Japan | 1982 | [a] |
| Eurocom Corporation | — | Canada | 1989 | |
| EVGA Corporation | — | United States | 1999 | |
| Falcon Northwest | — | United States | 1992 | |
| First International Computer | — | Taiwan | 1979 | |
| Founder Technology | — | China | 1986 | |
| Foxconn | — | Taiwan | 1974 | |
| Framework Computer | — | United States | 2021 | |
| Fujitsu | — | Japan | 1954 | |
| Fujitsu Technology Solutions | Fujitsu | Japan | 1999 | |
| Gigabyte Technology | — | Taiwan | 1986 | |
| Alphabet Inc. (since 2016) | United States | 2011 | [1] | |
| Gradiente | IGB Eletrônica | Brazil | 1964 | |
| Groupe Bull | Atos | France | 1952 | |
| Grundig | Arçelik | Germany | ||
| Hasee | — | China | 1995 | |
| HCLTech | — | India | 1975 | |
| Hewlett Packard Enterprise | — | United States | 2015 | |
| Hisense | — | China | 1994 | |
| Hitachi | — | Japan | 1958 | [b] |
| HP Inc. | — | United States | 2015 | |
| Huawei | — | China | 1987 | |
| Hyundai Technology | Hyundai Group | South Korea | 1986 | |
| IBM | — | United States | 1952 | |
| IGEL Technology | — | Germany | 2001 | |
| Intel | — | United States | 1968 | |
| Inventec | — | Taiwan | 1975 | |
| Itautec | Itaúsa | Brazil | 1979 | |
| Kontron | — | Germany | 1959 | |
| Lanix | — | Mexico | 1990 | |
| Lanner Electronics | — | Taiwan | 1986 | |
| Lenovo | — | China | 1984 | |
| LG Corporation | — | South Korea | 1983 | |
| Lite-On | — | Taiwan | 1975 | |
| Maingear | — | United States | 2002 | |
| MCST | — | Russia | 1992 | |
| Medion | Lenovo (since 2011) | Germany | 1983 | |
| Mesh Computers | — | United Kingdom | 1987 | |
| Micro Center | Micro Electronics, Inc. | United States | 1979 | |
| Microsoft | — | United States | 2012 | |
| Micro-Star International | — | Taiwan | 1986 | |
| MiTAC | — | Taiwan | 1982 | |
| Motorola Mobility | Lenovo (since 2014) | United States | 2011 | |
| Mouse Computer | — | Japan | 1998 | |
| NComputing | — | United States | 2003 | |
| NCR Corporation | — | United States | 1953 | |
| NEC | — | Japan | 1954 | |
| Nvidia | — | United States | 1993 | |
| NZXT | — | United States | 2004 | |
| Olidata | Acer Inc. (since 2009) | Italy | 1982 | |
| Oracle Corporation | — | United States | 1977 | |
| Origin PC | Corsair Gaming (since 2019) | United States | 2009 | |
| Panasonic | — | Japan | 1958 | |
| Pine64 | — | Hong Kong | 2015 | |
| Positivo Tecnologia | Grupo Positivo | Brazil | 1989 | |
| Puget Systems | — | United States | 2000 | |
| Quanta Computer | — | Taiwan | 1988 | |
| Razer Inc. | — | Singapore | 1998 | |
| Research Machines | — | United Kingdom | 1977 | |
| RCA | American Future Technology Corporation | United States | ||
| Samsung Electronics | — | South Korea | 1982 | |
| Sapphire Technology | — | Hong Kong | 2001 | |
| Shuttle Inc. | — | Taiwan | 1983 | |
| Síragon | — | Venezuela | 2004 | |
| Sony | — | Japan | 1982 | |
| Sord Computer Corporation | — | Japan | 1970 | |
| Stratus Technologies | — | United States | 1980 | |
| Supermicro | — | United States | 1993 | |
| System76 | — | United States | 2005 | |
| TabletKiosk | — | United States | 2003 | |
| Tatung Company | — | Taiwan | 1984 | |
| Tuxedo Computers | — | Germany | 2004 | |
| Tyan | MiTAC (since 2007) | Taiwan | 1989 | |
| Unisys | — | United States | 1986 | |
| Vaio | — | Japan | 1996 | [c] |
| Valve Corporation | — | United States | 2015 | |
| Velocity Micro | — | United States | 1997 | |
| VIA Technologies | — | Taiwan | 1987 | |
| Viglen | — | United Kingdom | 1975 | |
| Vizio | — | United States | 2002 | |
| Walton Group | — | Bangladesh | 1977 | |
| Wistron | — | Taiwan | 2001 | |
| Wortmann | — | Germany | 1986 | |
| Xiaomi | — | China | 2010 | |
| Zoostorm | VIP Group | United States | 1993 | |
| ZOTAC | — | Hong Kong | 2006 | |
| zSpace | — | United States | 2007 |
Inactive
[edit] |
| Name | Parent company | Country of origin | Year of market entry | Year of market exit | Fate | Note(s)/ ref(s). |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3R Computers | Orange Nassau Electronics (1985–1992) | United States | 1981 | 1992 | Acquired by Digital Communications Associates | |
| Acorn Computers | — | United Kingdom | 1978 | 1998 | Acquired by Morgan Stanley and reorganized as Element 14 | |
| Action Computer Enterprise | — | United States | 1978 | 1990 | Dissolution | |
| Adage, Inc. | — | United States | 1957 | 1994 | Acquired by Systems & Computer Technology Corporation | |
| Advanced Digital Corporation | — | United States | 1980 | 1990 | Bankruptcy | |
| Advanced Logic Research | — | United States | 1984 | 1997 | Acquired by Gateway, Inc. | |
| ACFA, Inc. | — | United States | 1977 | 1980 | Dissolution | |
| Airis Computer | — | United States | 1989 | 1993 | Dissolution | |
| Alaris, Inc. | — | United States | 1991 | 1996 | Left the computer business | |
| Alliant Computer Systems | — | United States | 1982 | 1992 | Bankruptcy | |
| Alpha Microsystems | — | United States | 1977 | 2018 | Dissolution | |
| Altos Computer Systems | — | United States | 1977 | 1990 | Acquired by Acer Inc. | |
| AM Jacquard Systems | — | United States | Unknown | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Ambra Computer Corporation | IBM | United States | 1992 | 1996 | Dissolution | |
| Amdahl Corporation | — | United States | 1970 | 1997 | Acquired by Fujitsu | |
| Amdek | Wyse | United States | 1987 | 1988 | Left the computer business; continued to make monitors until the late 1990s | [3][4][5] |
| American Computer and Peripheral | — | United States | 1985 | 1990 | Bankruptcy | |
| American Micro Technology | — | United States | 1985 | 1988 | Dissolution | |
| Ampere, Inc. | — | Japan | 1984 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Amstrad | — | United Kingdom | 1984 | 2007 | Acquired by BSkyB | |
| AnyBus Technologies | CMS Enhancements | United States | 1992 | 1994 | Dissolution | |
| Apollo Computer | — | United States | 1980 | 1989 | Acquired by Hewlett-Packard | |
| Apparat, Inc. | — | United States | 1978 | 1988 | Dissolution | |
| Apricot Computers | — | United Kingdom | 1965 | 1999 | Dissolution | |
| Ardent Computer | — | United States | 1985 | 1989 | Merged with Stellar Computer to form Stardent Inc. | |
| AST Research | Samsung Electronics (1997–1999) | United States | 1980 | 1999 | Acquired by Samsung Electronics in 1997; division dissolved in 1999 | |
| Atari Corporation | JT Storage (1996–1998) | United States | 1984 | 1996 | Acquired by JT Storage; JT in turn sold to Hasbro in 1998 | |
| Athena Computer & Electronic Systems | — | United States | 1982 | 1987 | Dissolution | |
| The Authorship Resource | — | United States | 1977 | Unknown | Dissolution | |
| AT&T Computer Systems | AT&T Corporation | United States | 1984 | 1989 | Merged back into AT&T Corporation; previously reorganized as AT&T Information Systems | |
| Averatec | TriGem | United States | 2003 | 2012 | Dissolution | |
| Barrington International | — | United States | 1980 | 1986 | Dissolution | |
| Be Inc. | — | United States | 1990 | 2001 | Acquired by Palm, Inc. | |
| Bell & Howell | — | United States | 1979 | 1982 | Exited the computer business | |
| Bendix Corporation | — | United States | 1956 | 1963 | Sold computer division to Control Data Corporation | [6] |
| BiiN | — | United States | 1982 | 1990 | Liquidation | |
| Billings Computer | — | United States | 1977 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Blue Chip Electronics | — | United States | 1981 | 1989 | Acquired by Capewood Limited | |
| Burroughs Corporation | — | United States | 1953 | 1986 | Merged with Sperry Corporation to form Unisys | |
| CADO Systems | — | United States | 1976 | 1983 | Acquired by Contel Business Systems | |
| Callan Data Systems | — | United States | 1980 | 1985 | Bankruptcy | |
| Calma | General Electric (1980–1988) | United States | 1965 | 1988 | Broken up | |
| Canon Computer Systems | Canon Inc. | United States | 1992 | 1997 | Exited the computer business; dissolved in 2001 | |
| Canon Inc. | — | Japan | 1978 | 1992 | Spun off computer division as Canon Computer Systems | |
| Celerity Computing | — | United States | 1983 | 1988 | Acquired by Floating Point Systems | |
| Chicony Electronics | — | Taiwan | 1988 | Unknown | Left the computer business; still active in peripheral business | |
| Cobalt Networks | — | United States | 1996 | 2000 | Acquired by Sun Microsystems | |
| Commodore International | — | United States | 1976 | 1994 | Bankruptcy | |
| Compagnie Internationale pour l'Informatique | — | France | 1966 | 1976 | Merged into Groupe Bull | |
| Comp-Sultants | — | United States | 1969 | 1977 | Dissolution | |
| Compaq | — | United States | 1982 | 2002 | Acquired by Hewlett-Packard; defunct as a subsidiary since 2013 | |
| CompuAdd | — | United States | 1982 | 1994 | Bankruptcy | |
| CompuPro | — | United States | 1980 | 1985 | Restructured as Viasyn | |
| CompuSource | — | United States | 1982 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Computervision | — | United States | 1969 | 1998 | Merged into Prime Computer | |
| Computer Automation | — | United States | 1968 | 1992 | Ceased operations in 1992 | |
| Computer Control Company | — | United States | 1953 | 1966 | Acquired by Honeywell | |
| Computer Devices, Inc. | — | United States | 1969 | 1998 | Dissolution | |
| Computer Research Corporation | — | United States | 1950 | 1953 | Acquired by NCR Corporation | |
| Computer Transceiver Systems, Inc. | — | United States | 1968 | 1998 | Acquired by Vertex Industries in 1987 following bankruptcy; spun off and acquired by Mortgage Plus Equity and Loan Corporation in 1998 | |
| Concurrent Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1985 | 2017 | Broken up | |
| Control Data Corporation | — | United States | 1957 | 1992 | Broken up from 1988 to 1992; remainder is now Ceridian | |
| Convergent Technologies | — | United States | 1979 | 1988 | Acquired by Unisys | |
| Convex Computer | — | United States | 1982 | 1995 | Purchased by Hewlett-Packard | |
| Corona Data Systems | Daewoo (1987–1993) | United States | 1982 | 1993 | Acquired by Daewoo in 1987; brand phased out in 1993 | |
| Corvus Systems | — | United States | 1979 | 1987 | Bankruptcy | |
| CPT Corporation | — | United States | 1971 | Unknown | Dissolution | |
| Cray Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1989 | 1995 | Bankruptcy | |
| Cromemco | — | United States | 1974 | 1987 | Acquired by Dynatech | |
| Cydrome | — | United States | 1984 | 1988 | Dissolution | |
| Cumulus Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1990 | 1992 | Bankruptcy | |
| Daisy Systems | — | United States | 1981 | 1990 | Acquired by Intergraph | |
| Data General | — | United States | 1968 | 1999 | Acquired by EMC in 1999 | |
| Dataindustrier AB | — | Sweden | 1970 | 1990 | Acquired by Groupe Bull | |
| Datapoint | — | United States | 1968 | 2000 | Bankruptcy | |
| Dauphin Technology | — | United States | 1988 | 2006 | Reverse merged with GeoVax | |
| Datavue | Intelligent Systems | United States | 1983 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Dayna Communications | — | United States | 1984 | 1997 | Acquired by Intel | |
| Decision Data | — | United States | 1969 | 1988 | Acquired by Onset Corporation | |
| Deltagold | Delta Computer | United States | 1986 | 1990 | Bankruptcy | |
| DeskStation Technology | — | United States | 1989 | 2000 | Acquired by Samsung Electronics in 1998; division dissolved in 2000 | [7] |
| Digital Equipment Corporation | — | United States | 1957 | 1998 | Acquired by Compaq | |
| The Digital Group | — | United States | 1975 | 1979 | Bankruptcy | |
| DTK Computer | Datatech Enterprises | Taiwan | 1981 | 2009 | Dissolution; Dubai subsidiary is active as of November 2022[update] | |
| Durango Systems Corporation | — | United States | 1977 | 1984 | Merged with Molecular Systems in 1982; Molecular went bankrupt in 1984 | |
| Dynalogic | — | Canada | 1982 | 1983 | Acquired by Bytec | |
| Eagle Computer | — | United States | 1978 | 1986 | Dissolution | |
| ECD Corporation | — | United States | 1974 | 1983 | Dissolution | |
| Eckert–Mauchly Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1946 | 1950 | Acquired by Remington Rand | |
| EduQuest | IBM | United States | 1992 | 1995 | Discontinued computer lineup after reorganizing as IBM K–12 Education | |
| Eldorado Electrodata | — | United States | 1968 | 1976 | Dissolution | |
| ElectroData Corporation | — | United States | 1954 | 1956 | Acquired by Burroughs Corporation | |
| Electronic Associates | — | United States | 1945 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Elektronorgtechnica | — | Soviet Union | 1971 | 2005 | Acquired by The Tetris Company in 2005 | |
| Elonex | — | United Kingdom | 1986 | Unknown | Exited the computer business; currently sells tablets | |
| Elxsi | — | United States | 1979 | 1989 | Acquired by Tata Group | |
| eMachines | Gateway, Inc. (2004–2007) Acer Inc. (2007–2013) |
United States | 1998 | 2013 | Acquired by Gateway, Inc., in 2004, in turn acquired by Acer Inc.; brand discontinued by Acer in 2013 | |
| Encore Computer | — | United States | 1983 | 1998 | Acquired by Gores Technology Group and renamed to Encore Real Time Computing | |
| Engineering Research Associates | — | United States | 1946 | 1952 | Acquired by Remington Rand | |
| English Electric LEO Company | English Electric | United Kingdom | 1963 | 1967 | Acquired by International Computers Limited | |
| Escom AG | — | Germany | 1986 | 1996 | Bankruptcy | |
| ETA Systems | Control Data Corporation | United States | 1983 | 1989 | Dissolution | |
| Evans & Sutherland | — | United States | 1986 | 1989 | Exited the computer business | |
| Everex | Formosa Plastics Group (1993–2009) | United States (1983–1993) Taiwan (1993–2009) |
1983 | 2009 | Dissolution | |
| Evesham Technology | — | United Kingdom | 1983 | 2008 | Liquidation; assets purchased by Time Group | |
| Floating Point Systems | — | United States | 1970 | 1991 | Acquired by Cray | |
| Foonly | — | United States | 1976 | 1989 | Dissolution | |
| Fortune Systems | — | United States | 1980 | 1987 | Exited the computer business | |
| Franklin Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1981 | 1986 | Exited the computer business; reorganized into Franklin Electronic Publishers | |
| Friden, Inc. | — | United States | 1957 | 1965 | Acquired by Singer Corporation | |
| Gateway, Inc. | — | United States | 1985 | 2007 | Acquired by Acer; brand revived in the United States in 2020 | |
| General Automation | — | United States | 1968 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| General Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1981 | 2015 | Dissolution | |
| General Electric | — | United States | 1954 | 1970 | Sold computer division to Honeywell | |
| Genisco Technology | — | United States | 1983 | 1997 | Bankruptcy | |
| Gericom | — | Austria | 1990 | 2008 | Acquired by Quanmax AG and merged with Systemhaus mit Eigentechnologie (S&T) | |
| Gimix | — | United States | 1975 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Gnat Computers | — | United States | 1976 | 1983 | Acquired by Data Technology Industries | |
| GO Corporation | — | United States | 1987 | 1994 | Dissolution | |
| Gould Electronics | — | Germany | 1981 | 1988 | Sold computer division to Nippon Mining; division in turn sold to Encore Computer in 1988 | |
| HAL Computer Systems | Fujitsu (1993–2001) | United States | 1990 | 2001 | Dissolution | |
| Handspring, Inc. | — | United States | 1998 | 2003 | Acquired by Palm, Inc. | |
| Harris Corporation | — | United States | 1967 | 1994 | Spun off computer division as Harris Computer Systems in 1994, itself acquired by Concurrent Computer Corporation in 1996 | |
| Hazeltine Corporation | — | United States | 1970 | 1986 | Acquired by Emerson Electric | |
| Hewlett-Packard | — | United States | 1966 | 2015 | Broken up into Hewlett Packard Enterprise and HP Inc. | |
| Honeywell | — | United States | 1957 | 1991 | Sold computer division to Groupe Bull | |
| HTC | — | Taiwan | 1997 | 2017 | Sold computer division to Alphabet Inc. | |
| IMLAC | — | United States | 1968 | 1979 | Acquired by Hazeltine Corporation | |
| IMS Associates, Inc. | — | United States | 1973 | 1979 | Bankruptcy | |
| Inacom | — | United States | 1991 | 2000 | Bankruptcy | |
| Informer Computer Terminals | — | United States | 1971 | 2007 | Dissolution | |
| Ithaca InterSystems | — | United States | 1976 | 1986 | Dissolution | |
| Intelligence Technology Corporation | — | United States | 1986 | 2000 | Dissolution | |
| International Computers and Tabulators | — | United Kingdom | 1959 | 1968 | Acquired by International Computers Limited | |
| International Computers Limited | — | United Kingdom | 1968 | 2002 | Acquired by Fujitsu | |
| Intertec Data Systems | — | United States | 1973 | 1991 | Bankruptcy | [d] |
| Iskra Delta | — | Slovenia | 1974 | 2021 | Bankruptcy | |
| Jetta International | — | United States | 1991 | Unknown | Dissolution | |
| Jonos | Phoenix Group (1989–1992) | United States | 1982 | 1992 | Bankruptcy | |
| Jupiter Cantab | — | United Kingdom | 1982 | 1983 | Bankruptcy | |
| Kaypro | Non-Linear Systems | United States | 1981 | 1992 | Bankruptcy | |
| Kenbak Corporation | — | United States | 1970 | 1973 | Acquired by CTI Education Products | |
| Kendall Square Research | — | United States | 1986 | 1994 | Bankruptcy | |
| Kohjinsha | — | Japan | 2004 | Unknown | Dissolution | |
| Korea Data Systems | — | South Korea | 1998 | 2003 | Left the computer business | |
| LanSlide Gaming PCs | — | United States | 2005 | 2011 | Dissolution | |
| Lap Power | — | Sweden | 1991 | 2000 | Bankruptcy | |
| Leading Edge Products | Daewoo (1989–1995) Manuhold Investment AG (1995–1997) |
United States | 1980 | 1997 | Acquired by Daewoo; division in turn sold to Manuhold Investment AG; brand phased out in 1997 | |
| Leading Technology | — | United States | 1985 | 1992 | Acquired by VTech | |
| Léanord | — | France | 1960 | 1989 | Merged with Intertechnique | |
| Librascope | Singer Corporation (until 1992) | United States | 1956 | 1992 | Acquired by Loral Space & Communications | |
| Librex Computer Systems | Nippon Steel Corporation | United States | 1990 | 1993 | Dissolution | |
| Linus Technologies | — | United States | 1985 | 1990 | Dissolution | |
| Lisp Machines | — | United States | 1979 | 1987 | Bankruptcy | |
| LogAbax | — | France | 1942 | 1988 | Bought by Olivetti | |
| Logical Machine Corporation | — | United States | 1974 | Unknown | Dissolution | [e] |
| Luxor AB | — | Sweden | 1978 | 1986 | Sold computer division to Nokia in 1985; brand phased out in 1986 | |
| Mad Computers | — | United States | 1982 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Magnavox | Philips | United States | 1972 | 1991 | Magnavox-branded computers discontinued in 1992 | |
| Magnuson Computer Systems | — | United States | 1977 | 1983 | Bankruptcy | |
| Martin Research | — | United States | 1974 | 1986 | Acquired by Zebra Technologies | [f] |
| MASSCOMP | — | United States | 1981 | 1988 | Acquired by Concurrent Computer Corporation | |
| MasPar | — | United States | 1987 | 1999 | Acquired by Accrue Software | |
| Maxdata | — | Germany | 1987 | 2008 | Dissolution; warranty claims taken over by Swiss Belinea AG, itself acquired by Bluechip Computer | |
| Meebox | — | Mexico | 2009 | Unknown | Dissolution | |
| Metaphor Computer Systems | — | United States | 1982 | 1994 | Acquired by IBM | |
| Micro Craft | — | United States | 1981 | 1987 | Dissolution; restructured as Dimension Electronics in 1987 | |
| Micro Instrumentation and Telemetry Systems | — | United States | 1969 | 1977 | Acquired by Pertec Computer | |
| Microdata Corporation | — | United States | 1969 | 1983 | Acquired by McDonnell Douglas | |
| Micron Technology | — | United States | 1991 | 2001 | Spun off computer division as MPC Corporation | |
| Micromation | — | United States | 1978 | 1983 | Unknown | |
| Micronics Computers | — | United States | 1986 | 1998 | Acquired by Diamond Multimedia | |
| MicroOffice | — | United States | 1981 | 1985 | Acquired by Telxon Corporation in 1985 | |
| Micros Systems | — | United States | 1978 | 2014 | Acquired by Oracle Corporation | |
| Midwest Scientific Instruments | — | United States | 1972 | 1985 | Dissolution | |
| Mitsubishi Electric | Mitsubishi Group | Japan | 1960 | 1990 | Exited the computer business | |
| Modcomp | — | United States | 1970 | Unknown | Exited the computer business; survives today as CSPi Technology Solutions, a systems integrator | |
| Mohawk Data Sciences Corporation | — | United States | 1964 | 1988 | Acquired by Decision Data; previously restructured as Qantel Corporation | |
| Monorail Inc. | — | United States | 1995 | 2005 | Dissolution | |
| Motion Computing | — | United States | 2001 | 2015 | Acquired by Xplore Technologies | |
| MPC Corporation | — | United States | 2001 | 2008 | Bankruptcy | |
| Motorola | — | United States | 1974 | 2011 | Dissolution | |
| Multiflow | — | United States | 1984 | 1990 | Dissolution | |
| Mycron | — | Norway | 1975 | 1999 | Exited the computer industry | |
| NBI Incorporated | — | United States | Unknown | 1991 | Bankruptcy | |
| nCUBE | — | United States | 1983 | 2005 | Acquired by C-COR | |
| Neoware | — | United States | 1992 | 2007 | Acquired by Hewlett-Packard | |
| Network Computing Devices | — | United States | 1987 | 2004 | Dissolution | |
| NeXT | — | United States | 1985 | 1997 | Acquired by Apple Computer | |
| Nixdorf Computer | — | West Germany | 1952 | 1990 | Acquired by Siemens; renamed Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG | |
| Norsk Data | — | Norway | 1967 | 1992 | Acquired by Telenor | |
| Northgate Computer Systems | — | United States | 1987 | 1997 | Acquired by Lan Plus, after filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 1994 | |
| Northwest Microcomputer Systems | — | United States | 1977 | 1982 | Dissolution | |
| North Star Computers | — | United States | 1976 | 1989 | Dissolution | |
| Noval, Inc. | Gremlin Industries (1977–1978) Sega (1978–1979) |
United States | 1977 | 1979 | Dissolution | |
| Ohio Scientific | — | United States | 1975 | 1980 | Acquired by M/A-COM | |
| Olivetti | — | Italy | 1955 | 1997 | Exited the computer business | |
| Omnidata | — | United States | 1978 | 1988 | Dissolution | |
| Onyx Systems | — | United States | 1979 | 1985 | Acquired by Corvus Systems | |
| Osborne Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1980 | 1985 | Dissolution; assets and name sold to Mikrolog Ltd, of Finland | |
| Otrona | — | United States | 1981 | 1984 | Bankruptcy | |
| Outbound Systems | — | United States | 1989 | 1993 | Bankruptcy | |
| Pacific Cyber/Metrix | — | United States | 1975 | 2001 | Dissolution | |
| Packard Bell | — | United States | 1986 | 2008 | Majority stake purchased by NEC in 1995; stake relinquished in 2006; eventually acquired by Acer Inc. in 2008 | |
| Packard Bell Computer Corporation | Packard Bell Corporation | United States | 1957 | 1964 | Acquired by Raytheon Company | |
| Panda Project | — | United States | 1992 | 1998 | Exited the computer business | |
| Pandigital, Inc. | — | United States | 1998 | 2012 | Bankruptcy | |
| Parallan Computer | — | United States | 1986 | 1994 | Exited the computer business | |
| Parasitic Engineering | — | United States | 1976 | 1983 | Dissolution | |
| Pencept | — | United States | 1980 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Pertec Computer | — | United States | 1967 | 1987 | Acquired by Triumph-Adler | |
| Philco | — | United States | 1954 | 1961 | Exited the computer business before being acquired by Ford Motor Company | |
| Philips | — | Netherlands | 1953 | 1991 | Sold computer division to Digital Equipment Corporation | [8] |
| PolyMorphic Systems | — | United States | 1976 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Poqet Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1989 | 1992 | Acquired by Fujitsu | [9] |
| Power Computing Corporation | — | United States | 1993 | 1998 | Acquired by Apple Computer | |
| Prime Computer | — | United States | 1972 | 1998 | Acquired by Parametric Technology Corporation | |
| Processor Technology | — | United States | 1975 | 1979 | Dissolution | |
| Pronto Computers | — | United States | 1983 | 1987 | Bankruptcy | |
| Psystar Corporation | — | United States | 2008 | 2009 | Exited the computer business following permanent injunction to stop selling computers with Apple's Mac OS X | |
| Pyramid Technology | — | United States | 1981 | 1995 | Acquired by Siemens | |
| Quantex Microsystems | — | United States | 1984 | 2000 | Bankruptcy | |
| Quasar Data Products | — | United States | 1978 | 1986 | Dissolution | |
| Réalisation d'Études Électroniques | — | France | 1970 | 1980 | Taken over by Groupe Bull | |
| Radio Shack | Tandy Corporation | United States | 1977 | 1983 | Branding subsumed by the Tandy name in 1983 | [10] |
| Raytheon Company | — | United States | 1949 | 1984 | Spun off as Raytheon Data Systems in 1971, itself acquired by Telex Corporation in 1984 | [11][12] |
| RCA | — | United States | 1956 | 1971 | Exited the computer business in 1971; division sold to Sperry Rand in 1972 | |
| Reeves Instrument Corporation | — | United States | 1944 | 1995 | Unknown | |
| Remington Rand | — | United States | 1950 | 1955 | Acquired by Sperry Corporation to form Sperry Rand | |
| Regnecentralen | — | Denmark | 1955 | 1989 | Acquired by International Computers Limited | |
| Reply Corporation | — | United States | 1988 | 1997 | Acquired by Radius Inc. | |
| Ridge Computers | — | United States | 1982 | 1990 | Dissolution | |
| ROLM | IBM (1984–1998) | United States | 1969 | 1998 | Acquired by Siemens | |
| Seattle Computer Products | — | United States | 1978 | Unknown | Dissolution | |
| Sanyo | — | Japan | 1982 | 2009 | Acquired by Panasonic | |
| Scientific Data Systems | — | United States | 1961 | 1969 | Acquired by Xerox | |
| Sequent Computer Systems | — | United States | 1983 | 1999 | Acquired by IBM | |
| Siemens | — | Germany | 1955 | 2009 | Siemens Nixdorf Informationssysteme AG merged with Fujitsu into Fujitsu Siemens Computers in 1999; remaining stake sold to Fujitsu in 2009 | [13] |
| Silicon Graphics International | — | United States | 1982 | 2016 | Formerly Rackable Systems, Inc., it acquired Silicon Graphics, Inc. in 2009; acquired by Hewlett Packard Enterprise in 2016 | |
| Silicon Graphics, Inc. | — | United States | 1981 | 2009 | Acquired by Rackable Systems, Inc., to become Silicon Graphics International | |
| SIMIV | — | France | 1982 | 1989 | Exited the computer business | |
| Sinclair Research | — | United Kingdom | 1978 | 1986 | Acquired by Amstrad | |
| Sirius Systems Technology | — | United States | 1980 | 1984 | Acquired by Datatronic AB | |
| Smoke Signal Broadcasting | — | United States | 1977 | 1991 | Dissolution | |
| SMT Goupil | — | France | 1979 | 1991 | Bankruptcy | |
| Société d'Electronique et d'Automatisme | — | France | 1947 | 1966 | Merged within CII | |
| Société européenne de mini-informatique et systèmes | — | France | 1976 | 1982 | Merged into Groupe Bull | |
| Solbourne Computer | — | United States | 1986 | 2008 | Acquired by Deloitte Consulting | |
| Soyo Group | — | United States | 1985 | 2009 | Bankruptcy | |
| Spectravideo | — | United States | 1981 | 1988 | Acquired by SpectraVideo plc, unrelated holding company from the United Kingdom | |
| Sperry Corporation | — | United States | 1953 | 1986 | Merged with Burroughs to form Unisys; company was formerly Sperry Rand until it dropped Rand from its name in 1978 and continued as Sperry | |
| Sperry Rand | — | United States | 1955 | 1978 | Reverted to Sperry Corporation name in 1978 | |
| Stardent Inc. | — | United States | 1989 | 1994 | Restructured as Kubota Graphics in 1994; dissolved the same year | |
| Sun Microsystems | — | United States | 1982 | 2010 | Acquired by Oracle Corporation | |
| Southwest Technical Products Corporation | — | United States | 1975 | 1990 | Dissolution | |
| STM Systems | — | United States | 1976 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Symbiotic Systems | — | United States | 1977 | 1983 | Dissolution | |
| Symbolics | — | United States | 1980 | 1996 | Bankruptcy | |
| Systemax | — | United States | 1981 | 2021 | Exited the computer business | |
| Systems Engineering Laboratories | — | United States | 1959 | 1981 | Acquired by Gould Electronics | |
| Systime Computers | — | United States | 1973 | 1989 | Acquired by Control Data Corporation; broken up in 1989 | |
| T-Platforms | — | Russia | 2002 | 2023 | Bankruptcy | |
| Tadpole Computer | — | United States | 1994 | 2005 | Acquired by General Dynamics | |
| Tandem Computers | — | United States | 1976[14] | 1998 | Acquired by Compaq; then Hewlett Packard Enterprise | |
| Tandon Corporation | — | United States | 1975 | 1993 | Dissolution | |
| Tandy Corporation | — | United States | 1977 | 1993 | Sold computer division to AST Research; former parent company of Radio Shack | |
| Tangerine Computer Systems | — | United Kingdom | 1979 | 1987 | Bankruptcy | |
| Télémécanique | — | France | 1968 | 1976 | Computer division merged with CII's minicomputer division to become Société européenne de mini-informatique et systèmes (SEMS) | |
| Tava Corporation | — | United States | 1983 | 1984 | Acquired by Replitech | |
| Terak Corporation | — | United States | 1975 | 1985 | Acquired by Sanders Associates | |
| TeleVideo | — | United States | 1975 | 2011 | Dissolution | |
| Teleram | — | United States | 1973 | 1985 | Bankruptcy | |
| Texas Instruments | — | United States | 1979 | 1997 | Sold computer division to Acer Inc. | [15] |
| Thinking Machines Corporation | — | United States | 1983 | 1994 | Bankruptcy; hardware and software divisions acquired by Sun Microsystems | |
| Three Rivers Computer Corporation | — | United States | 1974 | 1985 | Bankruptcy | |
| Tiki Data | — | Norway | 1983 | 1996 | Acquired by Merkantildata | |
| Timex Sinclair | — | United States | 1982 | 1984 | Dissolution | [g] |
| Tiny Computers | — | United Kingdom | 1996 | 2002 | Acquired by Time Group; brand phased out in 2005 | |
| Toshiba | — | Japan | 1954 | 2016 | Discontinued computer lineup in 2016; computer business restructured as Dynabook Inc. in 2018, with majority of its shares sold to Sharp Corporation the same year; remaining shares sold to Sharp in 2020 | |
| TriGem | — | South Korea | 1980 | 2010 | Bankruptcy | |
| Trilogy Systems | — | United States | 1980 | 1985 | Acquired by Elxsi | |
| TRW Inc. | — | United States | 1959 | 2002 | Acquired by Northrop Grumman | |
| Tulip Computers | — | Netherlands | 1979 | 2009 | Bankruptcy; previously restructured as Nedfield NV in 2008 | |
| Umtech | — | United States | 1976 | 1979 | Acquired by Cha Group | |
| V3 Gaming PC | — | United States | 2010 | 2016 | Dissolution | |
| Varian Data Machines | — | United States | 1967 | 1977 | Acquired by Sperry Rand | |
| Vector Graphic | — | United States | 1976 | 1987 | Dissolution | |
| Vestel | — | United States | 1984 | Unknown | Exited the computer business | |
| Viasyn | — | United States | 1985 | 1991 | Dissolution | |
| Viatron | — | United States | 1967 | 1971 | Bankruptcy | |
| ViewSonic | — | United States | 2001 | 2012 | Left the computer business; still active in monitor business | [16][17] |
| Vigor Gaming | — | United States | 2004 | 2010 | Bankruptcy | |
| VoodooPC | — | United States | 1991 | 2009 | Acquired by Hewlett-Packard in 2006; brand retired in 2009 | |
| VTech | — | Hong Kong | 1976 | 1997 | Spun off computer division as PC Partner | |
| Walton Group | — | Bangladesh | 1977 | Unknown | Exited the computer business | |
| Wang Laboratories | — | United States | 1951 | 1999 | Acquired by Getronics | |
| Wicat Systems | — | United States | 1980 | 1992 | Acquired by Jostens | |
| Wipro | — | India | 1977 | Unknown | Exited the computer business | |
| Wyse | — | United States | 1981 | 2012 | Acquired by Dell | |
| Xerox | — | United States | 1969 | 2014 | Exited the computer business | |
| Xybernaut | — | United States | 1990 | 2005 | Bankruptcy | |
| Zenith Data Systems | Zenith Electronics (1979–1991) Groupe Bull (1991–1996) |
United States | 1979 | 1996 | Acquired by Groupe Bull in 1991; sold to NEC in 1996, who merged it into Packard Bell | [18] |
| Zeos | — | United States | 1987 | 1995 | Acquired by Micron Technology | |
| Zeda Computers | — | United States | 1974 | Unknown | Unknown | |
| Zonbu | — | United States | 2006 | Unknown | Dissolution |
See also
[edit]- Market share of personal computer vendors
- List of computer hardware manufacturers
- List of laptop brands and manufacturers
- List of touch-solution manufacturers
Notes
[edit]- ^ Formerly a subsidiary of Seiko; now independent
- ^ Exited the computer business in 2007,[2] but still active in servers
- ^ Formerly a brand of Sony; in 2014, Vaio Corporation Inc., a joint venture majority-owned by Japan Industrial Partners and minority-owned by Sony, was formed to buy out the Vaio trademark
- ^ Later known as Wells American
- ^ Originally John Peers and Company, later known as Logical Business Machines
- ^ Later renamed to Quint Systems
- ^ Joint venture between Sinclair Research and Timex Corporation
References
[edit]- ^ Arthur, Charles (May 11, 2011). "Google targets Microsoft with launch of Chromebook laptop". The Guardian.
- ^ Williams, Martyn (October 23, 2007). "Hitachi to exit consumer PC business". Network World. IDG Publications.
- ^ Moran, Tom (June 1, 1987). "Amdek Offers Five Modular PC Systems; 2 New Monitors Support IBM VGA". InfoWorld. 9 (22). IDG Publications: 6 – via Google Books.
- ^ Staff writer (April 4, 1988). "H.L. Sparks Resigns As President of Wyse; Differences Are Cited". The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones & Company: 1 – via ProQuest.
- ^ Shatz-Akin, Jim (May 1995). "The sharper, cheaper image". MacUser. 11 (5). Ziff-Davis: 74 – via Gale.
- ^ Duggan, Dennis (July 8, 1965). "Two More Companies Leave Thorny Computer Market". The Washington Post. Quoted in United States Senate (1973). The Industrial Reorganization Act: The Computer Industry. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 5569 – via Google Books.
- ^ LeVota, Meghan (October 31, 2017). "CEO: Infusion Express $13.5M round proves realistic investment can come to KC". Startland News.
- ^ Staff writer (1991). "Digital Equipment completes acquisition of Philips Electronics unit". UPI.com. United Press International.
- ^ Lee, Yvonne (March 15, 1993). "Fujitsu to debut its first updated Poqet systems". InfoWorld. 15 (11). IDG Publications: 31 – via Google Books.
- ^ Staff writer (March 20, 1984). "Tandy's Executive $11 Crystal Ball". PC Magazine. 3 (5). Ziff-Davis: 55 – via Google Books.
- ^ "Title unknown". Electronics. 44 (4). McGraw-Hill: 71. 1971 – via Google Books.
- ^ Staff writer (August 27, 1984). "Telex buy completed". Computerworld. XVIII (35). CW Communications: 77 – via Google Books.
- ^ O'Regan, Gerard (2012). A Brief History of Computing. Springer. p. 97. ISBN 9781447123583 – via Google Books.
- ^ "History of TANDEM COMPUTERS, INC. – FundingUniverse". www.fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 2023-03-01.
- ^ McGrath, Rita Gunther; Ian C. MacMillan (2000). The Entrepreneurial Mindset: Strategies for Continuously Creating Opportunity in an Age of Uncertainty. Harvard Business School Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780875848341 – via Google Books.
- ^ Williams, Stephen (July 11, 2001). "At PC Expo, Desktops Get Lost in the Shuffle". Newsday: C5 – via ProQuest.
- ^ Bent, Kristen (September 19, 2012). "ViewSonic Exits Mainstream Tablet Market, Focuses On Verticals". Computer Retail News. The Channel Company.
- ^ Gunset, George (May 5, 1996). "Top May Be Lonely, but Bottom's Miserable". Chicago Tribune: 2. Archived from the original on November 30, 2022. ProQuest 291133824.