Layout manager

Layout managers are software components used in widget toolkits which have the ability to lay out graphical control elements by their relative positions without using distance units. It is often more natural to define component layouts in this manner than to define their position in pixels or common distance units, so a number of popular widget toolkits include this ability by default. Widget toolkits that provide this function can generally be classified into two groups:

• Those where the layout behavior is coded in special graphic containers. This is the case in XUL and the .NET Framework widget toolkit (both in Windows Forms and in XAML).
• Those where the layout behavior is coded in layout managers, that can be applied to any graphic container. This is the case in the Swing widget toolkit that is part of the Java API.

Examples

Android have the ConstraintLayout.

GTK have the Box and Grid classes.

XUL

In XUL, like the vbox container to stack components on top of each other.

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<?xml-stylesheet href="chrome://global/skin/" type="text/css"?>

<window id="vbox example" title="Example"
        xmlns="http://www.mozilla.org/keymaster/gatekeeper/there.is.only.xul">

<vbox>
  <button id="yes" label="Yes"/>
  <button id="no" label="No"/>
  <button id="maybe" label="Maybe"/>
</vbox>

</window>

This piece of code shows 3 buttons stacked on top of each other in a vertical box.

XAML

The DockPanel container lays out children components according to their Dock properties.

<Page xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation" 
      WindowTitle="myDock Panel">
  <DockPanel>
      <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Top">Top 1</TextBlock>
      <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Top">Top 2</TextBlock>
      <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Top">Top 3</TextBlock>
      <TextBlock DockPanel.Dock="Top">Top 4</TextBlock>
  </DockPanel>
</Page>

This code shows 4 text blocks on top of each other.

Java

The FlowLayout layout manager arranges components in a directional flow, much like lines of text in a paragraph. It arranges components horizontally until no more components fit on the same line, then it places them on another line. Other layout managers are GridLayout managers which arrange the components in grid form and BorderLayout managers which also arranges the component in five parts of the frame, thus: south, north, west, east and center.

import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JButton;
import java.awt.FlowLayout;
import java.awt.Container;

public class Example {
    private JFrame frame;

    public Example() {
        frame = new JFrame("FlowLayout Demo");
        frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        frame.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        frame.add((new JButton("Button 1")));
        frame.add((new JButton("Button 2")));
        frame.add((new JButton("Button 3")));
        frame.add((new JButton("Long-Named Button 4")));
        frame.add((new JButton("5")));
        frame.pack();
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Example ex = new Example();
    }
}

This code shows 5 buttons alongside each other on the same line:

External links

• Layout tutorial on Oracle website
• Layout Manager Showdown on java.net