facio

See also: Facio, fácio, and facio-

Latin

Alternative forms

*fhakiō (attested: fhefhakēd), *vhaciō (attested: vhēced) (Old Latin)
fāre (late infinitive)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *fakjō

Latin faciō

Inherited from Proto-Italic *fakjō, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰh₁k-yé-ti (“to put; place”). Doublet of -ficō.

The passive voice is suppletively provided by the etymologically unrelated fīō.

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.ki.oː/, [ˈfäkioː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfa.t͡ʃi.o/, [ˈfäːt͡ʃio]

Verb

faciō (present infinitive facere, perfect active fēcī, supine factum); third conjugation iō-variant, irregular passive voice

to do (particularly as a specific instance or occasion of doing)
Quid fēcī?
What have I done?

Latrōcinium modo factum est. (special usage; passive perfect = took place, lit. has been made/is done)
A robbery just took place.

Factum est.
(It) is done.
- 63 BCE, Cicero, Catiline Orations‎^[1]:
  Quam diu quisquam erit qui te defendere audeat, vives, et vives ita ut nunc vivis, multis meis et firmis praesidiis obsessus ne commovere te contra rem publicam possis. Multorum te etiam oculi et aures non sentientem, sicut adhuc fecerunt, speculabuntur atque custodient.
  As long as one person exists who can dare to defend you, you shall live; but you shall live as you do now, surrounded by my many and trusty guards, so that you shall not be able to stir one finger against the republic: many eyes and ears shall still observe and watch you, as they have hitherto done, though you shall not perceive them.
to make, construct, fashion, frame, build, erect
to make, produce, compose
- 405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Genesis.1.3:
  dīxitque Deus fiat lūx et facta est lūx
  And God said: Let light be made. And light was made.
to appoint

Usage notes

Facere renders a sense of doing or making with respect to a specific instance of so doing or making; for more continuative senses of doing or making, compare agō, agitō and gerō. In Late and Medieval Latin the verb was used with infinitives to form causative constructions (e.g., cf. English fieri facias, from Medieval Latin fierī faciās), which are calques from (Proto-)Romance considered inappropriate in Classical Latin.

Conjugation

Conjugation of faciō (third conjugation iō-variant, irregular and partially suppletive in the passive)

indicative		singular			plural
indicative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	faciō	facis	facit	facimus	facitis	faciunt
	imperfect	faciēbam	faciēbās	faciēbat	faciēbāmus	faciēbātis	faciēbant
	future	faciam	faciēs	faciet	faciēmus	faciētis	facient
	perfect	fēcī	fēcistī	fēcit	fēcimus	fēcistis	fēcērunt, fēcēre
	pluperfect	fēceram	fēcerās	fēcerat	fēcerāmus	fēcerātis	fēcerant
	future perfect	fēcerō	fēceris	fēcerit	fēcerimus	fēceritis	fēcerint
	sigmatic future¹	faxō, faxiō, facsō, faxsō	faxis, facxsis, facxis, facsis, faxsis	faxit, faxsit	faximus, faxsimus	faxitis, faxsitis	faxint, faxsint
passive	present	fīō	fīs	fit	fīmus	fītis	fīunt
	imperfect	fīēbam	fīēbās	fīēbat	fīēbāmus	fīēbātis	fīēbant
	future	fīam	fīēs	fīet	fīēmus	fīētis	fīent
	perfect	factus + present active indicative of sum or factum + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	factus + imperfect active indicative of sum or factum + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	factus + future active indicative of sum or factum + future active indicative of sum
	sigmatic future¹	faxor	faxeris	faxitur	—	—	—
subjunctive		singular			plural
subjunctive		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	faciam	faciās	faciat	faciāmus	faciātis	faciant
imperfect	facerem	facerēs	faceret	facerēmus	facerētis	facerent
perfect	fēcerim	fēcerīs	fēcerit	fēcerīmus	fēcerītis	fēcerint
pluperfect	fēcissem	fēcissēs	fēcisset	fēcissēmus	fēcissētis	fēcissent
sigmatic aorist¹	faxim, faxēm, faxsim	faxīs, faxēs, faxeis, faxseis, faxsīs	faxīt, faxēt, faxeit, faxsīt	faxīmus, faxeimus, faxsīmus	faxītis, faxeitis, faxsītis	faxint, faxēnt, faxsint
passive	present	fīam	fīās	fīat	fīāmus	fīātis	fīant
imperfect	fierem	fierēs	fieret	fierēmus	fierētis	fierent
perfect	factus + present active subjunctive of sum or factum + present active subjunctive of sum
pluperfect	factus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum or factum + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular			plural
imperative		first	second	third	first	second	third
active	present	—	fac, face	—	—	facite	—
active	future	—	facitō	facitō	—	facitōte	faciuntō
passive	present	—	fī	—	—	fīte	—
passive	future	—	fītō	fītō	—	fītōte	fīuntō
non-finite forms		active			passive
non-finite forms		present	perfect	future	present	perfect	future
infinitives		facere	fēcisse	factūrum esse	fierī	factum esse	factum īrī
participles		faciēns	—	factūrus	—	factus	faciendus, faciundus
verbal nouns		gerund				supine
		genitive	dative	accusative	ablative	accusative	ablative
		faciendī	faciendō	faciendum	faciendō	factum	factū

¹At least one use of the archaic "sigmatic future" and "sigmatic aorist" tenses is attested, which are used by Old Latin writers; most notably Plautus and Terence. The sigmatic future is generally ascribed a future or future perfect meaning, while the sigmatic aorist expresses a possible desire ("might want to"). It is also attested as having a rare sigmatic future passive indicative form ("will have been"), which is not attested in the plural for any verb.

Fēced is an early form of fēcit.

Passive: If one were to follow the Proto-Italic verb *fakiō, *fakiesi, the passive would be facior, facī in the present. However, these forms are not attested before or during the Classical period.

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

Balkan Romance:
- Aromanian: fac, fatsiri
- Istro-Romanian: facu
- Megleno-Romanian: fac, fațiri
- Romanian: face, facere
Gallo-Romance:
- Catalan: fer
- Franco-Provençal: fére, fâre
- Old French: faire (see there for further descendants)
- Gascon: hèr
- Occitan: faire, fer
Ibero-Romance:
- Old Leonese: fazer
  - Asturian: facer, faer, fer, ḥacer
  - Leonese: facere
  - Mirandese: fazer
  - Extremaduran: hazel
- Old Galician-Portuguese: fazer
  - Fala: fel, ficel
  - Galician: facer
  - Portuguese: fazer
- Old Spanish: fazer
  - Ladino: azer, אזיר
  - Spanish: hacer
Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: fàghere
Borrowings:
- → Ido: facar
- → Interlingua: facer
- → Sabir: fazir (via one or more Romance languages)

Reflexes of the late variant fāre:

Dalmatian:
- fur
Italo-Romance:
- Corsican: fà
- Gallurese: fà
- Italian: fare
  - → Esperanto: fari
- Neapolitan: fare
- Sassarese: fà
- Sicilian: fari
Padanian:
- Gallo-Italic:
  - Emilian: fèr
  - Lombard: fà
  - Piedmontese: fé
  - Romagnol: fê
- Friulian: fâ
- Istriot: fà
- Ladin: fé, fèr
- Romansch: far
- Venetan: far
Gallo-Romance:
- Old Catalan: far
- Gascon: har
- Occitan: far
Ibero-Romance:
- >? Aragonese: fer
- Mozarabic: פראיו (frʔyw)
- Old Spanish: far

References

“facio”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“facio”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
facio in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
facio in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- to light, make a fire: ignem facere, accendere
- to cut one's way (through the enemies' ranks): ferro viam facere (per confertos hostes)
- (1) to take a journey, (2) to make, lay down a road (rare): iter facere
- to travel together: una iter facere
- to take a step: gradum facere
- to put an end to one's life: vitae finem facere
- to perform the last rites for a person: iusta facere, solvere alicui
- to carry out the funeral obsequies: funus alicui facere, ducere (Cluent. 9. 28)
- to commence a thing: initium facere, ducere, sumere (alicuius rei)
- to finish, complete, fulfil, accomplish a thing: finem facere alicuius rei
- what am I to do with this fellow: quid huic homini (also hoc homine) faciam?
- to give a man the opportunity of doing a thing: potestatem, copiam alicui dare, facere with Gen. gerund.
- to run a risk; to tempt Providence: fortunam periclitari (periculum facere)
- to make trial of; to risk: periculum facere alicuius rei
- to try one's strength with the enemy; to try issue of battle: periculum hostis facere
- to raise a man from poverty to wealth: aliquem ex paupere divitem facere
- to suffer loss, harm, damage.[2: damnum (opp. lucrum) facere
- to suffer loss, harm, damage: detrimentum capere, accipere, facere
- to throw away, sacrifice: iacturam alicuius rei facere
- to do any one a (great) favour: gratum (gratissimum) alicui facere
- to carry out order: iussa (usually only in plur.), imperata facere
- to form a friendship with any one: amicitiam cum aliquo jungere, facere, inire, contrahere
- you were right in...; you did right to..: recte, bene fecisti quod...
- to inform a person: certiorem facere aliquem (alicuius rei or de aliqua re)
- to mention a thing: mentionem facere alicuius rei or de aliqua re
- to damage a person's character, bring him into bad odour: infamem facere aliquem
- to do work (especially agricultural): opus facere (De Senect. 7. 24)
- to infer by comparison, judge one thing by another: coniecturam alicuius rei facere or capere ex aliqua re
- to judge others by oneself: de se (ex se de aliis) coniecturam facere
- I put myself at your disposal as regards advice: consilii mei copiam facio tibi
- to retard, delay a thing: moram alicui rei afferre, inferre, facere
- to do a thing which is not one's vocation, which goes against the grain: adversante et repugnante natura or invitā Minervā (ut aiunt) aliquid facere (Off. 1. 31. 110)
- to make progress in a subject: in aliqua re progressus facere, proficere, progredi
- to demonstrate, make a thing clear: aliquid planum facere (Ad Herenn. 2. 5)
- to criticise: iudicium facere
- to write poetry: poema condere, facere, componere
- to write poetry: versus facere, scribere
- to compose, put to music: modos facere
- to make a marble statue: simulacrum e marmore facere
- to elicit loud applause: clamores (coronae) facere, excitare
- to give public games in honour of Jupiter: ludos facere, edere (Iovi)
- to address a meeting of the people: verba facere apud populum, in contione
- to begin to speak: initium dicendi facere
- to cease speaking: finem dicendi facere
- to obtain a hearing: audientiam sibi (orationi) facere
- to introduce a person (into a dialogue) discoursing on..: aliquem disputantem facere, inducere, fingere (est aliquid apud aliquem disputans)
- to go deeply into a matter, discuss it fully: multa verba facere
- to not say a word: nullum (omnino) verbum facere
- to say not a syllable about a person: ne verbum (without unum) quidem de aliquo facere
- to speak on a subject: verba facere (de aliqua re, apud aliquem)
- to invent, form words: verba parere, fingere, facere
- to cause a person pain: dolorem alicui facere, afferre, commovere
- to succeed in encouraging a person: animum facere, addere alicui
- to inspire any one with hope: spem alicui facere, afferre, inicere
- to cause oneself to be expected: exspectationem sui facere, commovere
- to make some one believe a thing: fidem alicuius rei facere alicui
- to make a thing credible: fidem facere, afferre alicui rei (opp. demere, de-, abrogare fidem)
- to be security for some one: sponsionem facere, sponsorem esse pro aliquo
- to commit crime: scelus facere, committere
- to do a criminal deed: facinus facere, committere
- to wrong a person: iniuriam inferre, facere alicui
- to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui
- to waylay a person: insidias alicui parare, facere, struere, instruere, tendere
- to do one's duty: officium suum facere, servare, colere, tueri, exsequi, praestare
- to set a limit to a thing: modum facere, statuere, constituere alicui rei or alicuius rei
- to commit perjury, perjure oneself: periurium facere; peierare
- to pray: preces facere
- to make a vow: vota facere, nuncupare, suscipere, concipere
- to sacrifice: sacra, sacrificium facere (ἱερὰ ῥέζειν), sacrificare
- to sacrifice: rem divinam facere (dis)
- to hold a lectisternium: lectisternium facere, habere (Liv. 22. 1. 18)
- to spend money on an object: sumptum facere, insumere in aliquid
- to become a friend and guest of a person: hospitium cum aliquo facere, (con-)iungere
- to associate with some one: societatem inire, facere cum aliquo
- to give audience to some one: sui potestatem facere, praebere alicui
- to give audience to some one: colloquendi copiam facere, dare
- to separate from, divorce (of the man): divortium facere cum uxore
- to make a will: testamentum facere, conscribere
- to annul, revoke a will: testamentum irritum facere, rumpere
- to appoint some one as heir in one's will: aliquem heredem testamento scribere, facere
- to be engaged in commerce, wholesale business: mercaturam facere
- to make money: quaestum facere (Fam. 15. 14)
- to have a large income from a thing (e.g. from mines): magnas pecunias ex aliqua re (e.g. ex metallis) facere
- to transfer a debt: versuram facere (Att. 5. 21. 12)
- to be a banker: argentariam facere (Verr. 5. 59. 155)
- to book a debt: nomina facere or in tabulas referre
- to do something after careful calculation: inita subductaque ratione aliquid facere
- to compute the total of anything: summam facere alicuius rei
- to make profit out of a thing: lucrum facere (opp. damnum facere) ex aliqua re
- to incur debts: aes alienum (always in sing.) facere, contrahere
- to build a tower: turrim excitare, erigere, facere
- to build a bridge over a river: pontem facere in flumine
- to look after the sowing: sementem facere (B. G. 1. 3. 1)
- as you sow, so will you reap: ut sementem feceris, ita metes (proverb.) (De Or. 2. 65)
- to reap: messem facere
- to rear stock: rem pecuariam facere, exercere (cf. Varr R. R. 2. 1)
- to make laws (of a legislator): leges scribere, facere, condere, constituere (not dare)
- to take some one's side: cum aliquo facere (Sull. 13. 36)
- to be guilty of high treason: contra rem publicam facere
- to cause a rebellion: seditionem facere, concitare
- to form a conspiracy: coniurationem facere (Catil. 2. 4. 6)
- to embezzle money: peculatum facere (Rab. Perd. 3. 8)
- to take the vote (by division): discessionem facere (Sest. 34. 74)
- to go unpunished: impune fecisse, tulisse aliquid
- to serve: stipendia facere, merere
- to cause a war: bellum facere, movere, excitare
- to commence hostilities: bellum incipere, belli initium facere (B. G. 7. 1. 5)
- to put an end to war: belli finem facere, bellum finire
- to march: iter facere
- to raise a rampart, earthwork: vallum iacere, exstruere, facere
- to make an inroad into hostile territory: excursionem in hostium agros facere
- to raise siege-works: opera facere
- to make a sally, sortie from the town: eruptionem facere ex oppido
- to make a sally, sortie from the town: crebras ex oppido excursiones facere (B. G. 2. 30)
- to break into the town: in oppidum irruptionem facere
- to offer battle to the enemy: potestatem, copiam pugnandi hostibus facere
- to accept battle: potestatem sui facere (alicui) (cf. sect. XII. 9, note audientia...)
- to give battle: proelium facere
- to give battle with a cavalry-division: proelium equestre facere
- to fight successfully: proelium facere secundum
- to attack the enemy: invadere, impetum facere in hostem
- to form a square: orbem facere (Sall. Iug. 97. 5)
- to draw up troops in a wedge-formation: cuneum facere (Liv. 22. 47)
- to form a phalanx: phalangem facere (B. G. 1. 24)
- (1) to put to flight, (2) to take to flight: fugam facere (Sall. Iug. 53)
- to massacre: stragem edere, facere
- to make a truce: indutias facere (Phil. 8. 7)
- to make peace with some one: pacem facere cum aliquo
- to conclude a treaty with some one: pactionem facere cum aliquo (Sall. Iug. 40)
- to conclude a treaty, an alliance: foedus facere (cum aliquo), icere, ferire
- to reduce a country to subjection to oneself: terram suae dicionis facere
- to build a ship, a fleet: navem, classem aedificare, facere, efficere, instituere
- to set the sails: vela facere, pandere
- to be shipwrecked: naufragium facere
- to land, disembark: escensionem facere (of troops)
- to fight a battle at sea: pugnam navalem facere
- to sum up..: ut eorum, quae dixi, summam faciam
- (ambiguous) to meet some one by chance: obvium or obviam esse, obviam fieri
- (ambiguous) to have become independent, be no longer a minor: sui iuris factum esse
- (ambiguous) he feels better: melius ei factum est
- (ambiguous) what will become of him: quid illo fiet?
- (ambiguous) to become known, become a topic of common conversation (used of things): foras efferri, palam fieri, percrebrescere, divulgari, in medium proferri, exire, emanare
- (ambiguous) to be the talk of the town, a scandal: fabulam fieri
- (ambiguous) to become famous, distinguish oneself: clarum fieri, nobilitari, illustrari (not the post-classical clarescere or inclarescere
- (ambiguous) to be born for a thing, endowed by nature for it: natum, factum esse ad aliquid (faciendum)
- (ambiguous) a work of art: artis opus; opus arte factum or perfectum
- (ambiguous) a master-piece of classical work: opus summo artificio[TR1] factum
- (ambiguous) to be a born orator: natum, factum esse ad dicendum
- (ambiguous) what will become of me: quid (de) me fiet? (Ter. Heaut. 4. 3. 37)
- (ambiguous) to have to pay a vow; to obtain one's wish: voti damnari, compotem fieri
- (ambiguous) what is going on? how are you getting on: quid agitur? quid fit?
- (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut fit, ita ut fit, ut fere fit
- (ambiguous) as usually happens: ut solet, ut fieri solet
- (ambiguous) silver plate: argentum (factum) (Verr. 5. 25. 63)
- (ambiguous) the rate of interest has gone up from 4 per cent to 8 per cent: fenus ex triente Id. Quint. factum erat bessibus (Att. 4. 15. 7)
- (ambiguous) the price of corn is going down: annona laxatur, levatur, vilior fit
- (ambiguous) what is your opinion: quid de ea re fieri placet?
- (ambiguous) a resolution of the senate (not opposed by a tribunicial veto) was made: senatus consultum fit (Att. 2. 24. 3)
- (ambiguous) some one is accused: aliquis reus fit (Fam. 13. 54)
Wheelock's Latin, Wheelock, F.M. (6th ed., 2005). (Cited for abbreviation of singular imperative form; p. 51.) HarperCollins, N.Y.

Polish

Etymology

Clipping of facet + -o.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈfa.t͡ɕɔ/
Audio: (file)
Rhymes: -at͡ɕɔ
Syllabification: fa‧cio

Noun

facio m pers

(colloquial) guy, fellow, chap

Declension

Declension of facio

	singular	plural
nominative	facio	facie
genitive	facia	faciów
dative	faciowi	faciom
accusative	facia	faciów
instrumental	faciem	faciami
locative	faciu	faciach
vocative	faciu	facie

facio

Contents

Latin

Alternative forms

Etymology

Pronunciation

Verb

Usage notes

Conjugation

Derived terms

Related terms

Descendants

References

Polish

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Declension

Further reading