“Subsurface integrity” Identifying, risking, and maintaining subsurface integrity is of critical importance to a variety of geologic subsurface operations including geothermal, oil and gas production (conventional, unconventional, fractured crystalline, heavy-oil fields), mining, natural gas storage, and sequestration of CO2 and hazardous waste. Predicting and mitigating out-of-zone fluid migration includes but goes beyond maintaining well integrity: it relies on technical understanding of top and fault seals, reservoir and overburden deformation, production/injection-induced stress changes, reservoir management, completions design and engineering, hydraulic fracturing/height containment, wastewater disposal, induced seismicity/fracture reactivation, and reservoir monitoring (e.g., geodetic and downhole measurement and interpretation). Subsurface integrity excludes surface facilities and spill response but includes regulations regarding subsurface activities. Picture: Examples of implementation of tensile, shear, and compactive damage relationships in rock materials through the utilization of a critical-state constitutive law in geomechanical models. Source and picture credit: from paper “Critical issues in subsurface integrity” by Dr. Richard A. Schultz, P.G. Adam Bere https://lnkd.in/dzBNhdf7
Very informative
Very helpful
Department of Energy and Petroleum Engineering, University of North Dakota
2moThank you for posting this about our paper. Safety and containment are at the heart of what we must do as we move forward with all things subsurface.