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  • Can Evidence Obtained By Hacking Or Unauthorised Access Be Used In Court? Lessons from ANB v ANC [2015] SGCA 43 ⚖️ The Singapore Court of Appeal addressed the admissibility of hacked evidence in ANB v ANC [2015] SGCA 43. This case, arising from a contentious divorce, highlights how courts balance justice, fairness, and ethics in civil, criminal, and family law contexts. 📜 Material Facts The wife, during divorce proceedings, entered the matrimonial home, took the husband’s laptop, and passed it to a private investigator, who copied confidential data. The husband sought an injunction to prevent the misuse of this data, alleging breach of confidence. The High Court dismissed the injunction, but the Court of Appeal reversed this decision, emphasizing that legal methods should be used to obtain evidence. 1️⃣ Civil Proceedings: When Is Hacked Evidence Admissible? In civil cases, the Court clarified that hacked evidence may be admissible if: 📄 It is relevant, and its probative value outweighs any prejudice. 👩🏻💼There were no lawful alternatives, like discovery, to obtain the same evidence. The Court stressed the importance of procedural integrity, discouraging reliance on unlawfully obtained information. 2️⃣ Criminal Proceedings: Protecting Fair Trials While the focus was civil law, the Court referred to broader principles in criminal proceedings. In such cases: 😇 The presumption of innocence is paramount. Illegally obtained evidence, particularly when has the potential to cast the accused in a negative light, can create undue bias against the accused, even if it is unreliable. 👩⚖️ Hacked evidence is thus more likely to be excluded, when its prejudicial impact outweighs its probative value, ensuring fairness and protecting the accused’s rights. 3️⃣ Family Law: Best Interests of the Child The Court acknowledged the acrimonious divorce and its impact on the couple’s children. While it did not in this case explicitly address evidence exclusion in family cases, courts generally: 👶Prioritize the best interests of the child. 🧨 Can possibly exclude evidence that might escalate conflict or harm the child’s emotional well-being, even if relevant. ⚖️ Lessons from ANB v ANC This case underscores key principles for handling hacked evidence: 1️⃣ Courts favor lawful alternatives like discovery over improper methods. 2️⃣ Injunctions can prevent misuse of unlawfully obtained data, as seen here. 3️⃣ Admissibility depends on balancing justice, fairness, and the context of the case. 🗨️ Join the Discussion Should courts treat hacked evidence differently in civil, criminal, and family contexts? How do we balance fairness, ethics, and justice in such cases? Share your thoughts below, or in a PM! 📌 Disclaimer: This post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. #AdmissibilityOfEvidence #Hacking #LegalEthics #FamilyLaw #CriminalLaw #Litigation #JusticeSystem #LegalIssues #Technology

  • Call for Submissions: Journal of Liberty and International Affairs (JLIA) The Journal of Liberty and International Affairs (JLIA) is now accepting submissions for its upcoming 2025 issue. We invite high-quality, original research articles offering innovative approaches, critical analyses, and contemporary perspectives in political sciences, international relations, law, and related disciplines. Articles that develop robust theoretical frameworks or provide strong empirical evidence—whether through comparative analyses or single-case studies—are particularly encouraged. Indexing and Visibility: The Journal of Liberty and International Affairs is indexed in multiple reputable academic databases, ensuring broad visibility and impact for its published works. Notably, JLIA has been accepted for inclusion in #Scopus, and all published articles will be indexed in Scopus, enhancing their global reach and scholarly recognition. For a full list of #indexing services, please visit our website: https://lnkd.in/dKjbfqnh Thematic Focus: "The Balkans in the Trump 2.0 Era" In addition to submissions within the journal’s regular scope, this issue will feature a thematic block dedicated to exploring the implications of a potential second Trump presidency for the Balkans. Submission Guidelines: - Deadline: 10 March 2025 (or earlier) - Word Limit: Submissions must be between 6,000 and 8,000 words. - Review Process: All manuscripts will undergo an initial editorial screening followed by a rigorous double-blind peer review process to ensure academic excellence and relevance. Submission Process: Authors may submit their manuscripts through one of the following options: - Online: Register and upload your submission via our website. - Email: Send your submission directly to contact@e-jlia.com. We look forward to receiving your contributions! JLIA Team #CallForSubmissions #AcademicPublishing #InternationalRelations #PoliticalScience #Law #Trump #Balkans #Scopus #JournalOfLibertyAndInternationalAffairs

  • 2️⃣0️⃣2️⃣5️⃣ will be a very special year for Law & Economics in Poland, as it marks the 🎉20th Anniversary🎉 of the Polish Association of Law and Economics (PSEAP - Polskie Stowarzyszenie Ekonomicznej Analizy Prawa (Law&Economics)), which I have the pleasure of being a founding member and past President. While time for contemplation and celebration will come, here I give you advance notice of two upcoming anniversary events, together with an invitation to contribute: 🔹️ 10th Polish Law & Economics Conference - Jubilee Conference to celebrate PSEAP's 20th Anniversary (May 23-24, 2025) Early cfp - https://lnkd.in/dMhGVWjr (submissions by Feb 1, 2025) 🔹️ Special Issue of Ekonomista quarterly “20 Years of Law & Economics in Poland” (guest editor: myself🙂; published by Polskie Towarzystwo Ekonomiczne ZK) Cfp - https://lnkd.in/dxxFhHuQ (submissions Jan 1 - Jun 30, 2025) Save the dates and shape up your submissions! Details will follow at the outset of 2025🧏🏼♀️

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  • Submissions now open 📢 This year's theme: 🌍Europe and Threats to Globalization 🌍 💡 We’re inviting students and recent graduates to submit policy papers that tackle key questions regarding the growing standing of far-right movements across Europe and the threat European cohesion could face. Find out more on our website. Prizes: 🏆 Publication of your winning paper in the EST’s European Policy Review Journal 🎙️ Podcast episode with a judge of your choice 📚 Plus, other exciting prizes! 📅 Deadline: February 6, 2025 📝 Submit here: https://lnkd.in/eyq5jWX5 Judges include: 🔹 Valerio Alfonso Bruno – Catholic University of Milan 🔹 Diederick van Wijk – Clingendael Institute 🔹 Riva Kastoryano – Sciences Po 💭 Don’t miss out on this chance to shape the future of Europe! #EuropeanPolicyPrize #PolicyPapers #EU #Globalization #Europe2025 #StudentCompetition #PolicyAnalysis #Multilateralism #Protectionism #Nationalism #eufuture

  • IFF’s statement on the DPDP Rules, 2025 MeitY has released the long awaited Draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 sixteen & a half months after the DPDP Act, 2024 was enacted. We are dismayed that after such a long wait the Rules have failed to rise to the occasion & meet our expectations. 🔗Read the full text of our statement here: https://lnkd.in/gk6ySEdX At the outset, the consultation is marred by a check-box approach, in which comments have been invited in Hindi & English without the explanatory note being translated into regional languages – this restricts comments to only the most privileged. The comments that will be received by the ministry will be held in a “Fiduciary capacity” which is likely to result in a lack of transparency due to the implication that MeitY will not publicize the comments received or offer the opportunity of counter-comments. The DPDP Rules, in a nutshell, are too little, too vague and too late. On a preliminary reading, several provisions of the rules also fail to meet constitutional requirements outlined in K.S. Puttaswamy judgement. A massive red flag is the requirement for Verifiable Parental Consent for minors’ data. However, there seems to be no Internet-wide age gating & only individuals who identify themselves as children would require Parental Consent. If the Govt. mandates age verification rather than self-declarations, it holds the potential for mass surveillance as it may require verification through Govt. IDs. Rule 5, in pursuance of S. 7(b) of the DPDPA, gives the Govt. overbroad data processing powers in the context of issue of a subsidy, benefit, service, certificate, licence, or permit. Vagueness also seeps in via Rule 6 on reasonable security safeguards to prevent data breaches. Significant discretionary authority has been granted to the Union & Data Fiduciaries such as determining exemptions [Rule 11], processing standards [Second Schedule], & data transfers [Rule 14]. We’re concerned that the exemption provided under Rule 8 for compliance may also be misused. With weak oversight & accountability mechanisms, overbroad exemptions to allow for state processing of data and stepping toward universal & mandatory registration – the DPDP Rules are following in the DPDP Act’s footsteps of vagueness, extensive powers to the executive & insufficient data protection. IFF is committed to providing the digital rights community & the broader public a detailed analysis that enables them to pressure the Govt. to respect our right to privacy. Join us for a briefing call on Friday 10th January, 2025 as we break down the DPDP Rules, 2025 with our community.

  • Exciting work opportunity in Cyprus! ☀️ (deadline for applications is 12.00 Brussels time on 19 January) We are looking for a Temporary agent to fill the role of Field officer in Nicosia, Cyprus. As in all the EU capitals, the Nicosia field officer has a diverse job combining linguistic tasks with outreach activities. If you want to share your passion for languages and relevant digital technologies and you are ready to work for the EU Commission in a dynamic and creative job, check out the vacancy notice. 👉 https://lnkd.in/eegmUkZg 👈

  • As promised by the Government, full 45 days have been given for receiving public/ stakeholders' comments. While the date of submission is 18th Feb., 2025, I am sure most of you are going to spend this weekend reviewing the draft Rules!. The Governmnet has promised that "The submissions will be held in fiduciary capacity in MeitY and shall not be disclosed to any one at any stage, enabling persons to submit feedback/comments freely without any hesitation. A consolidated summary of the feedback/comment received, without attribution to stakeholder, shall be published after the finalization of the Rules." Wishing you a happy Weekend! #DPDPAct #Privacy #CyberLaws #DataPrivacy #DigitalLaws

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