Quelles sont les méthodes de conception pour les structures de forme irrégulière ?

In problems with complex geometry, loading and material properties, it is usually impossible to obtain an analytical solution. Analytical answers are answers that are presented with a closed mathematical relationship, and by using them, the value of unknown quantities can be calculated at any point of the domain. To obtain analytical answers, it is generally necessary to solve ordinary or partial differential equations, which cannot be determined in a closed form in complex geometry and loading situations. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply numerical methods, such as finite elements, to determine the answers to the problem.

In reality, all structures have more or less nonlinear behavior, but simpler linear analyzes provide answers with appropriate accuracy in most conventional engineering designs. However, in the case of new light-weight structures, it is necessary to perform more detailed and so-called more thorough analysis. In nonlinear analysis, force balance equations are established based on deformed geometry. The problem is that until the forces are obtained, the amount of deformations is not known, and on the other hand, it is not possible to deduce the forces until the amount of deformations is known. Therefore, all non-linear analyzes require repetition and trial and error operations.

Form finding is a topic about the design and determination of the basic geometry of the building and the appropriate form of the devices, through which an optimal form with a suitable response to the environmental forces and efficient materials is available. Form design process is done by different strategies such as calculations, practical experience of construction, use of geometric methods and other cases. Determining the geometry of the shape in the present time is done in two ways: 1- It may be a part of mathematical definitions and geometric shapes. 2- They may be formed by using physical processes and applying important physical laws on the desired form.

Structural design optimization is a complex and expensive process. The reason for the complexity of this process is that the number of influencing variables in the design of the structure is very large and these variables are dependent on each other. It takes a lot of time and money to do this amount of calculations. In general, four steps must be followed to complete the optimization process: 1- Determining the modeling technique of structure analysis and design 2- Formulating the optimization problem 3- Determining the optimization technique 4- Determining computing tools and design software

Parametric modeling systems can be divided into two parts: 1- Release systems in which known or unknown parameters are calculated with the help of a "data flow" model. 2- The constraint system in which a problem is solved based on a series of continuous and discrete constraints. One of the oldest examples of parametric design can be considered the inverted model of churches by Antoni Gaudi. In the design of the Colonia Guell church, he designed a series of wire-shaped models that were suspended by weights. By photographing the resulting form, he designed complex ceilings and arches.

Irregularly shaped structures are becoming increasingly common in modern architecture and to design these structures engineers use various methods, including: *Analytical methods:Solving equations that describe the structure's behavior under load. *Numerical methods:*Using computers to solve complex equations and divide the structure into elements. *Experimental methods:Testing physical models of the structure. Itbis important to consider factors such as the shape, materials, loads and performance. I feel that by carefully considering these factors, civil engineers can design irregularly shaped structures that are safe, stable, and efficient.

EL DISEÑO PARAMÉTRICO, ES LA MEJOR TECNOLOGÍA PARA SOLUCIONES EXACTAS Y PRECISAS, MODELOS EN 3D, INTERACTIVOS, CRUCE DE INGENIERIAS MULTIDISCIPLINARIAS Y CONTROL DE INSUMOS!