Python Operators

Last Updated : 30 Apr, 2024

In Python programming, Operators in general are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are standard symbols used for logical and arithmetic operations. In this article, we will look into different types of Python operators.

OPERATORS: These are the special symbols. Eg- + , * , /, etc.
OPERAND: It is the value on which the operator is applied.

Types of Operators in Python

Python Operators

Arithmetic Operators in Python

Python Arithmetic operators are used to perform basic mathematical operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

In Python 3.x the result of division is a floating-point while in Python 2.x division of 2 integers was an integer. To obtain an integer result in Python 3.x floored (// integer) is used.

Operator	Description	Syntax
+	Addition: adds two operands	x + y
–	Subtraction: subtracts two operands	x – y
*	Multiplication: multiplies two operands	x * y
/	Division (float): divides the first operand by the second	x / y
//	Division (floor): divides the first operand by the second	x // y
%	Modulus: returns the remainder when the first operand is divided by the second	x % y
**	Power: Returns first raised to power second	x ** y

Example of Arithmetic Operators in Python

Division Operators

In Python programming language Division Operators allow you to divide two numbers and return a quotient, i.e., the first number or number at the left is divided by the second number or number at the right and returns the quotient.

There are two types of division operators:

Float division
Floor division

Float division

The quotient returned by this operator is always a float number, no matter if two numbers are integers. For example:

Example: The code performs division operations and prints the results. It demonstrates that both integer and floating-point divisions return accurate results. For example, ’10/2′ results in ‘5.0’, and ‘-10/2’ results in ‘-5.0’.

[GFGTABS] Python

print(5/5)
print(10/2)
print(-10/2)
print(20.0/2)

[/GFGTABS]

Output:

1.0
5.0
-5.0
10.0

Integer division( Floor division)

The quotient returned by this operator is dependent on the argument being passed. If any of the numbers is float, it returns output in float. It is also known as Floor division because, if any number is negative, then the output will be floored. For example:

Example: The code demonstrates integer (floor) division operations using the // in Python operators. It provides results as follows: ’10//3′ equals ‘3’, ‘-5//2’ equals ‘-3’, ‘5.0//2′ equals ‘2.0’, and ‘-5.0//2’ equals ‘-3.0’. Integer division returns the largest integer less than or equal to the division result.

[GFGTABS] Pythons

print(10//3)
print (-5//2)
print (5.0//2)
print (-5.0//2)

[/GFGTABS]

Output:

3
-3
2.0
-3.0

Precedence of Arithmetic Operators in Python

The precedence of Arithmetic Operators in Python is as follows:

P – Parentheses
E – Exponentiation
M – Multiplication (Multiplication and division have the same precedence)
D – Division
A – Addition (Addition and subtraction have the same precedence)
S – Subtraction

The modulus of Python operators helps us extract the last digit/s of a number. For example:

x % 10 -> yields the last digit
x % 100 -> yield last two digits

Arithmetic Operators With Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Modulo and Power

Here is an example showing how different Arithmetic Operators in Python work:

Example: The code performs basic arithmetic operations with the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. It adds (‘+’), subtracts (‘-‘), multiplies (‘*’), computes the remainder (‘%’), and raises a to the power of ‘b (**)’. The results of these operations are printed.

[GFGTABS] Python

a = 9
b = 4
add = a + b

sub = a - b

mul = a * b

mod = a % b

p = a ** b
print(add)
print(sub)
print(mul)
print(mod)
print(p)

[/GFGTABS]

Output:

Note: Refer to Differences between / and // for some interesting facts about these two Python operators.

Comparison of Python Operators

In Python Comparison of Relational operators compares the values. It either returns True or False according to the condition.

Operator	Description	Syntax
>	Greater than: True if the left operand is greater than the right	x > y
<	Less than: True if the left operand is less than the right	x < y
==	Equal to: True if both operands are equal	x == y
!=	Not equal to – True if operands are not equal	x != y
>=	Greater than or equal to True if the left operand is greater than or equal to the right	x >= y
<=	Less than or equal to True if the left operand is less than or equal to the right	x <= y

= is an assignment operator and == comparison operator.

Precedence of Comparison Operators in Python

In Python, the comparison operators have lower precedence than the arithmetic operators. All the operators within comparison operators have the same precedence order.

Example of Comparison Operators in Python

Let’s see an example of Comparison Operators in Python.

Example: The code compares the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’ using various comparison Python operators and prints the results. It checks if ‘a’ is greater than, less than, equal to, not equal to, greater than, or equal to, and less than or equal to ‘b’.

[GFGTABS] Python

a = 13
b = 33

print(a > b)
print(a < b)
print(a == b)
print(a != b)
print(a >= b)
print(a <= b)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

False
True
False
True
False
True

Logical Operators in Python

Python Logical operators perform Logical AND, Logical OR, and Logical NOT operations. It is used to combine conditional statements.

Operator	Description	Syntax
and	Logical AND: True if both the operands are true	x and y
or	Logical OR: True if either of the operands is true	x or y
not	Logical NOT: True if the operand is false	not x

Precedence of Logical Operators in Python

The precedence of Logical Operators in Python is as follows:

Logical not
logical and
logical or

Example of Logical Operators in Python

The following code shows how to implement Logical Operators in Python:

Example: The code performs logical operations with Boolean values. It checks if both ‘a’ and ‘b’ are true (‘and’), if at least one of them is true (‘or’), and negates the value of ‘a’ using ‘not’. The results are printed accordingly.

[GFGTABS] Python

a = True
b = False
print(a and b)
print(a or b)
print(not a)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

False
True
False

Bitwise Operators in Python

Python Bitwise operators act on bits and perform bit-by-bit operations. These are used to operate on binary numbers.

Operator	Description	Syntax
&	Bitwise AND	x & y
\|	Bitwise OR	x \| y
~	Bitwise NOT	~x
^	Bitwise XOR	x ^ y
>>	Bitwise right shift	x>>
<<	Bitwise left shift	x<<

Precedence of Bitwise Operators in Python

The precedence of Bitwise Operators in Python is as follows:

Bitwise NOT
Bitwise Shift
Bitwise AND
Bitwise XOR
Bitwise OR

Bitwise Operators in Python

Here is an example showing how Bitwise Operators in Python work:

Example: The code demonstrates various bitwise operations with the values of ‘a’ and ‘b’. It performs bitwise AND (&), OR (|), NOT (~), XOR (^), right shift (>>), and left shift (<<) operations and prints the results. These operations manipulate the binary representations of the numbers.

[GFGTABS] Python

a = 10
b = 4
print(a & b)
print(a | b)
print(~a)
print(a ^ b)
print(a >> 2)
print(a << 2)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

Assignment Operators in Python

Python Assignment operators are used to assign values to the variables.

Operator	Description	Syntax
=	Assign the value of the right side of the expression to the left side operand	x = y + z
+=	Add AND: Add right-side operand with left-side operand and then assign to left operand	a+=b a=a+b
-=	Subtract AND: Subtract right operand from left operand and then assign to left operand	a-=b a=a-b
*=	Multiply AND: Multiply right operand with left operand and then assign to left operand	a=b a=ab
/=	Divide AND: Divide left operand with right operand and then assign to left operand	a/=b a=a/b
%=	Modulus AND: Takes modulus using left and right operands and assign the result to left operand	a%=b a=a%b
//=	Divide(floor) AND: Divide left operand with right operand and then assign the value(floor) to left operand	a//=b a=a//b
**=	Exponent AND: Calculate exponent(raise power) value using operands and assign value to left operand	a=b a=ab
&=	Performs Bitwise AND on operands and assign value to left operand	a&=b a=a&b
\|=	Performs Bitwise OR on operands and assign value to left operand	a\|=b a=a\|b
^=	Performs Bitwise xOR on operands and assign value to left operand	a^=b a=a^b
>>=	Performs Bitwise right shift on operands and assign value to left operand	a>>=b a=a>>b
<<=	Performs Bitwise left shift on operands and assign value to left operand	a <<= b a= a << b

Assignment Operators in Python

Let’s see an example of Assignment Operators in Python.

Example: The code starts with ‘a’ and ‘b’ both having the value 10. It then performs a series of operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and a left shift operation on ‘b’. The results of each operation are printed, showing the impact of these operations on the value of ‘b’.

[GFGTABS] Python

a = 10
b = a
print(b)
b += a
print(b)
b -= a
print(b)
b *= a
print(b)
b <<= a
print(b)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

Identity Operators in Python

In Python, is and is not are the identity operators both are used to check if two values are located on the same part of the memory. Two variables that are equal do not imply that they are identical.

is          True if the operands are identical 
is not      True if the operands are not identical

Example Identity Operators in Python

Let’s see an example of Identity Operators in Python.

Example: The code uses identity operators to compare variables in Python. It checks if ‘a’ is not the same object as ‘b’ (which is true because they have different values) and if ‘a’ is the same object as ‘c’ (which is true because ‘c’ was assigned the value of ‘a’).

[GFGTABS] Python

a = 10
b = 20
c = a

print(a is not b)
print(a is c)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

True
True

Membership Operators in Python

In Python, in and not in are the membership operators that are used to test whether a value or variable is in a sequence.

in            True if value is found in the sequence
not in        True if value is not found in the sequence

Examples of Membership Operators in Python

The following code shows how to implement Membership Operators in Python:

Example: The code checks for the presence of values ‘x’ and ‘y’ in the list. It prints whether or not each value is present in the list. ‘x’ is not in the list, and ‘y’ is present, as indicated by the printed messages. The code uses the ‘in’ and ‘not in’ Python operators to perform these checks.

[GFGTABS] Python

x = 24
y = 20
list = [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]

if (x not in list):
    print("x is NOT present in given list")
else:
    print("x is present in given list")

if (y in list):
    print("y is present in given list")
else:
    print("y is NOT present in given list")

[/GFGTABS]

Output

x is NOT present in given list
y is present in given list

Ternary Operator in Python

in Python, Ternary operators also known as conditional expressions are operators that evaluate something based on a condition being true or false. It was added to Python in version 2.5.

It simply allows testing a condition in a single line replacing the multiline if-else making the code compact.

Syntax : [on_true] if [expression] else [on_false]

Examples of Ternary Operator in Python

The code assigns values to variables ‘a’ and ‘b’ (10 and 20, respectively). It then uses a conditional assignment to determine the smaller of the two values and assigns it to the variable ‘min’. Finally, it prints the value of ‘min’, which is 10 in this case.

[GFGTABS] Python

a, b = 10, 20
min = a if a < b else b

print(min)

[/GFGTABS]

Output:

Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python

In Python, Operator precedence and associativity determine the priorities of the operator.

Operator Precedence in Python

This is used in an expression with more than one operator with different precedence to determine which operation to perform first.

Let’s see an example of how Operator Precedence in Python works:

Example: The code first calculates and prints the value of the expression 10 + 20 * 30, which is 610. Then, it checks a condition based on the values of the ‘name’ and ‘age’ variables. Since the name is “Alex” and the condition is satisfied using the or operator, it prints “Hello! Welcome.”

[GFGTABS] Python

expr = 10 + 20 * 30
print(expr)
name = "Alex"
age = 0

if name == "Alex" or name == "John" and age >= 2:
    print("Hello! Welcome.")
else:
    print("Good Bye!!")

[/GFGTABS]

Output

610
Hello! Welcome.

Operator Associativity in Python

If an expression contains two or more operators with the same precedence then Operator Associativity is used to determine. It can either be Left to Right or from Right to Left.

The following code shows how Operator Associativity in Python works:

Example: The code showcases various mathematical operations. It calculates and prints the results of division and multiplication, addition and subtraction, subtraction within parentheses, and exponentiation. The code illustrates different mathematical calculations and their outcomes.

[GFGTABS] Python

print(100 / 10 * 10)
print(5 - 2 + 3)
print(5 - (2 + 3))
print(2 ** 3 ** 2)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

To try your knowledge of Python Operators, you can take out the quiz on Operators in Python.

Python Operator Exercise Questions

Below are two Exercise Questions on Python Operators. We have covered arithmetic operators and comparison operators in these exercise questions. For more exercises on Python Operators visit the page mentioned below.

Q1. Code to implement basic arithmetic operations on integers

[GFGTABS] Python

num1 = 5
num2 = 2
sum = num1 + num2
difference = num1 - num2
product = num1 * num2
quotient = num1 / num2 
remainder = num1 % num2
print("Sum:", sum)
print("Difference:", difference)
print("Product:", product)
print("Quotient:", quotient)
print("Remainder:", remainder)

[/GFGTABS]

Output

Sum: 7
Difference: 3
Product: 10
Quotient: 2.5
Remainder: 1

Q2. Code to implement Comparison operations on integers

[GFGTABS] Python

num1 = 30
num2 = 35
if num1 > num2:
    print("The first number is greater.")
elif num1 < num2:
    print("The second number is greater.")
else:
    print("The numbers are equal.")

[/GFGTABS]

Output

The second number is greater.

Explore more Exercises: Practice Exercise on Operators in Python

Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python

S

SHARIQ_JMI

News

Improve

Similar Reads

Python Operators

In Python programming, Operators in general are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are standard symbols used for logical and arithmetic operations. In this article, we will look into different types of Python operators. OPERATORS: These are the special symbols. Eg- + , * , /,

Precedence and Associativity of Operators in Python

In Python, operators have different levels of precedence, which determine the order in which they are evaluated. When multiple operators are present in an expression, the ones with higher precedence are evaluated first. In the case of operators with the same precedence, their associativity comes int

Python Arithmetic Operators

Python operators are fundamental for performing mathematical calculations. Arithmetic operators are symbols used to perform mathematical operations on numerical values. Arithmetic operators include addition (+), subtraction (-), multiplication (*), division (/), and modulus (%). Addition OperatorIn

Difference between / vs. // operator in Python

In this article, we will see the difference between the / vs // operator in Python Python Division OperatorThe division operator '/ ' performs standard division, which can result in a floating-point number. However, if both the dividend and divisor are integers, Python will perform integer division

Python - Star or Asterisk operator ( * )

There are a many places you’ll see * and ** used in Python. Many Python Programmers even at the intermediate level are often puzzled when it comes to the asterisk ( * ) character in Python. After studying this article, you will have a solid understanding of the asterisk ( * ) operator in Python and

What does the Double Star operator mean in Python?

Double Star or (**) is one of the Arithmetic Operator (Like +, -, *, **, /, //, %) in Python Language. It is also known as Power Operator. What is the Precedence of Arithmetic Operators? Arithmetic operators follow the same precedence rules as in mathematics, and they are: exponential is performed f

Division Operators in Python

Division Operators allow you to divide two numbers and return a quotient, i.e., the first number or number at the left is divided by the second number or number at the right and returns the quotient. Division Operators in PythonThere are two types of division operators: Float divisionInteger divisio

Modulo operator (%) in Python

When we see a '%' the first thing that comes to our mind is the "percent" but in computer language, it means modulo operation(%) which returns the remainder of dividing the left-hand operand by right-hand operand or in layman's terms it finds the remainder or signed remainder after the division of o

Python Logical Operators

Python logical operators are used to combine conditional statements, allowing you to perform operations based on multiple conditions. These Python operators, alongside arithmetic operators, are special symbols used to carry out computations on values and variables. In this article, we will discuss l

Python OR Operator

Python OR Operator takes at least two boolean expressions and returns True if any one of the expressions is True. If all the expressions are False then it returns False. Flowchart of Python OR OperatorTruth Table for Python OR OperatorExpression 1Expression 2ResultTrueTrueTrueTrueFalseTrueFalseTrueT

Difference between 'and' and '&' in Python

and is a Logical AND that returns True if both the operands are true whereas '&' is a bitwise operator in Python that acts on bits and performs bit-by-bit operations. Note: When an integer value is 0, it is considered as False otherwise True when used logically. and in PythonThe 'and' keyword in

not Operator in Python | Boolean Logic

Python not keyword is a logical operator that is usually used to figure out the negation or opposite boolean value of the operand. The Keyword 'not' is a unary type operator which means that it takes only one operand for the logical operation and returns the complementary of the boolean value of the

Ternary Operator in Python

The ternary operator in Python allows us to perform conditional checks and assign values or perform operations on a single line. It is also known as a conditional expression because it evaluates a condition and returns one value if the condition is True and another if it is False. Basic Example of T

Python Bitwise Operators

Operators are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are the special symbols that carry out arithmetic and logical computations. The value the operator operates on is known as the Operand. Python bitwise operators are used to perform bitwise calculations on integers. The integers

Assignment Operators in Python

The Python Operators are used to perform operations on values and variables. These are the special symbols that carry out arithmetic, logical, and bitwise computations. The value the operator operates on is known as the Operand. Assignment Operators are used to assign values to variables. This opera

Walrus Operator in Python 3.8

The Walrus Operator is a new addition to Python 3.8 and higher. In this article, we're going to discuss the Walrus operator and explain it with an example. Introduction Walrus Operator allows you to assign a value to a variable within an expression. This can be useful when you need to use a value mu

Increment += and Decrement -= Assignment Operators in Python

If you're familiar with Python, you would have known Increment and Decrement operators ( both pre and post) are not allowed in it. Python is designed to be consistent and readable. One common error by a novice programmer in languages with ++ and -- operators are mixing up the differences (both in pr

Merging and Updating Dictionary Operators in Python 3.9

Python 3.9 is still in development and scheduled to be released in October this year. On Feb 26, alpha 4 versions have been released by the development team. One of the latest features in Python 3.9 is the merge and update operators. There are various ways in which Dictionaries can be merged by the

New '=' Operator in Python3.8 f-string

Python have introduced the new = operator in f-string for self documenting the strings in Python 3.8.2 version. Now with the help of this expression we can specify names in the string to get the exact value in the strings despite the position of the variable. Now f-string can be defined as f'{expr=}

Comparison Operators in Python

Python operators can be used with various data types, including numbers, strings, boolean and more. In Python, comparison operators are used to compare the values of two operands (elements being compared). When comparing strings, the comparison is based on the alphabetical order of their characters

Python NOT EQUAL operator

In this article, we are going to see != (Not equal) operators. In Python, != is defined as not equal to operator. It returns True if operands on either side are not equal to each other, and returns False if they are equal. Python NOT EQUAL operators SyntaxThe Operator not equal in the Python descrip

Difference between == and is operator in Python

In Python, == and is operators are both used for comparison but they serve different purposes. The == operator checks for equality of values which means it evaluates whether the values of two objects are the same. On the other hand, is operator checks for identity, meaning it determines whether two

Chaining comparison operators in Python

Checking more than two conditions is very common in Programming Languages. Let's say we want to check the below condition: a < b < c The most common syntax to do it is as follows: if a < b and b < c : {...} In Python, there is a better way to write this using the Comparison operator Chai

Python Membership and Identity Operators

There is a large set of Python operators that can be used on different datatypes. Sometimes we need to know if a value belongs to a particular set. This can be done by using the Membership and Identity Operators. In this article, we will learn about Python Membership and Identity Operators. Table of

Difference between != and is not operator in Python

In this article, we are going to see != (Not equal) operators. In Python != is defined as not equal to operator. It returns True if operands on either side are not equal to each other, and returns False if they are equal. Whereas is not operator checks whether id() of two objects is same or not. If

Article Tags :

Practice Tags :

python