Program to find the minimum (or maximum) element of an array

Last Updated : 03 May, 2024

Given an array, write functions to find the minimum and maximum elements in it.

The most simplest way to find min and max value of an element is to use inbuilt function sort() in java. So, that value at 0th position will min and value at nth position will be max.

C++

// C++ code for the approach

#include <iostream>
#include <algorithm>

using namespace std;

// Driver Code
int main() {
      // Input array
    int a[] = { 1, 423, 6, 46, 34, 23, 13, 53, 4 };
    int n = sizeof(a) / sizeof(a[0]);
  
    // Implemented inbuilt function to sort array
    sort(a, a + n);

    // after sorting the value at 0th position will minimum
    // and nth position will be maximum
    cout << "min-" << a[0] << " max-" << a[n - 1] << endl;
  
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to find minimum and maximum elements in an array
void findMinMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    int min = arr[0];
    int max = arr[0];

    // Traverse array elements
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) {
        if (arr[i] < min)
            min = arr[i];
        else if (arr[i] > max)
            max = arr[i];
    }

    // Print minimum and maximum elements
    printf("min-%d max-%d\n", min, max);
}

int main()
{
    // Input array
    int arr[] = { 1, 423, 6, 46, 34, 23, 13, 53, 4 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    // Find minimum and maximum elements
    findMinMax(arr, n);

    return 0;
}

Java

import java.util.*;
class Array {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int a[]={1,423,6,46,34,23,13,53,4}; 
          
          //Implemented inbuilt function to sort array
        Arrays.sort(a);
      
          // after sorting the value at 0th position will minimum and 
        //nth position will be maximum
        System.out.println("min-"+a[0]+" max-"+a[a.length-1]);
    }
}

Python

import sys

# Define an array
a = [1, 423, 6, 46, 34, 23, 13, 53, 4]

# Sort the array using the built-in sorted() function
a_sorted = sorted(a)

# Find the minimum and maximum values
min_value = a_sorted[0]
max_value = a_sorted[-1]

# Print the results
print(f"min-{min_value} max-{max_value}")

// C# code for the approach

using System;

class GFG {
    // Driver Code
    static void Main()
    {
        // Input array
        int[] arr = { 1, 423, 6, 46, 34, 23, 13, 53, 4 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        // Sort the array
        Array.Sort(arr);

        // after sorting the value at 0th position will be
        // minimum and nth position will be maximum
        Console.WriteLine("min-" + arr[0] + " max-"
                          + arr[n - 1]);
    }
}

JavaScript

// JavaScript code for the approach

// Function to find minimum and maximum values in an array
function findMinMax(arr) {

    // Implemented inbuilt function to sort array
      arr.sort((a, b) => a - b);

    return { min: arr[0], max: arr[arr.length - 1] };
}

// Example usage
const arr = [1, 423, 6, 46, 34, 23, 13, 53, 4];
const { min, max } = findMinMax(arr);
console.log(`min-${min} max-${max}`); // Output: min-1 max-423

PHP

<?php
// Function to find minimum and maximum elements in an array
function findMinMax($arr, $n) {
    $min = $arr[0];
    $max = $arr[0];
    
    // Traverse array elements
    for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++) {
        if ($arr[$i] < $min)
            $min = $arr[$i];
        elseif ($arr[$i] > $max)
            $max = $arr[$i];
    }
    
    // Print minimum and maximum elements
    echo "min-$min max-$max\n";
}

// Input array
$arr = array(1, 423, 6, 46, 34, 23, 13, 53, 4);
$n = count($arr);

// Find minimum and maximum elements
findMinMax($arr, $n);
?>

Output

min-1 max-423

Time complexity : O(n log(n))
Auxiliary Space : O(1)

C++

// CPP program to find minimum (or maximum) element
// in an array.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int getMin(int arr[], int n)
{
    int res = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        res = min(res, arr[i]);
    return res;
}

int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    int res = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        res = max(res, arr[i]);
    return res;
}

int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << "Minimum element of array: " << getMin(arr, n)
         << "\n";
    cout << "Maximum element of array: " << getMax(arr, n);
    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

// C program to find minimum (or maximum) element
// in an array.
#include <stdio.h>

// Find maximum between two numbers.
int max(int num1, int num2)
{
    return (num1 > num2) ? num1 : num2;
}

// Find minimum between two numbers.
int min(int num1, int num2)
{
    return (num1 > num2) ? num2 : num1;
}

int getMin(int arr[], int n)
{
    int res = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        res = min(res, arr[i]);
    return res;
}

int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    int res = arr[0];
    for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
        res = max(res, arr[i]);
    return res;
}

int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    printf("Minimum element of array: %d \n",
           getMin(arr, n));
    printf("Maximum element of array: %d \n",
           getMax(arr, n));
    return 0;
}

// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

Java

// Java program to find minimum (or maximum)
// element in an array.
import java.io.*;

class GFG {

    static int getMin(int arr[], int n)
    {
        int res = arr[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            res = Math.min(res, arr[i]);
        return res;
    }

    static int getMax(int arr[], int n)
    {
        int res = arr[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            res = Math.max(res, arr[i]);
        return res;
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
        int n = arr.length;
        System.out.println("Minimum element of array: " + getMin(arr, n));
        System.out.println("Maximum element of array: " + getMax(arr, n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Aditya Kumar (adityakumar129)

Python

# Python3 program to find minimum
# (or maximum) element in an array

# Minimum Function
def getMin(arr, n):
    res = arr[0]
    for i in range(1,n):
        res = min(res, arr[i])
    return res

# Maximum Function
def getMax(arr, n):
    res = arr[0]
    for i in range(1,n):
        res = max(res, arr[i])
    return res

# Driver Program
arr = [12, 1234, 45, 67, 1]
n = len(arr)
print ("Minimum element of array:", getMin(arr, n))
print ("Maximum element of array:", getMax(arr, n))

# This code is contributed 
# by Shreyanshi Arun.

// C# program to find 
// minimum (or maximum) 
// element in an array.
using System;

class GFG 
{
    static int getMin(int []arr,
                      int n)
    {
        int res = arr[0];
        
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            res = Math.Min(res, arr[i]);
        return res;
    }
    
    static int getMax(int []arr, 
                      int n)
    {
        int res = arr[0];
        
        for (int i = 1; i < n; i++)
            res = Math.Max(res, arr[i]);
        return res;
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main () 
    {
        int []arr = {12, 1234, 45, 67, 1};
        int n = arr.Length;
        Console.Write("Minimum element" + 
                          " of array: " + 
                         getMin(arr, n) + "\n" );
        Console.Write("Maximum element" + 
                          " of array: " + 
                         getMax(arr, n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by Smita.

JavaScript

// JavaScript program to find minimum
// (or maximum) element in an array.
function getMin(arr, n)
{
    let res = arr[0];
     
    for(let i = 1; i < n; i++)
        res = Math.min(res, arr[i]);
        
    return res;
}
 
function getMax(arr, n)
{
    let res = arr[0];
     
    for(let i = 1; i < n; i++)
        res = Math.max(res, arr[i]);
        
    return res;
}

// Driver Code
let arr = [ 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 ];
let n = arr.length;

console.log("Minimum element" + 
               " of array: " + 
               getMin(arr, n) + "<br/>");
console.log("Maximum element" + 
               " of array: " + 
               getMax(arr, n));
               
// This code is contributed by sanjoy_62

PHP

<?php
// PHP program to find minimum 
// (or maximum) element in an
// array.

function getMin($arr, $n)
{
    $res = $arr[0];
    for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++)
        $res = min($res, $arr[$i]);
    return $res;
}

function getMax($arr, $n)
{
    $res = $arr[0];
    for ($i = 1; $i < $n; $i++)
        $res = max($res, $arr[$i]);
    return $res;
}

    // Driver Code
    $arr = array(12, 1234, 45, 67, 1);
    $n = sizeof($arr);
    echo "Minimum element of array: "
           , getMin($arr, $n), "\n";
    echo "Maximum element of array: " 
                  ,getMax($arr, $n);

// This code is contributed by ajit
?>

Output

Minimum element of array: 1
Maximum element of array: 1234

Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1), as no extra space is used

Recursive Solution

C++

// CPP program to find 
// minimum (or maximum) element
// in an array.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int getMin(int arr[], int n)
{
    // If there is single element, return it.
    // Else return minimum of first element and
    // minimum of remaining array.
    return (n == 1) ? arr[0] : min(arr[0], 
                         getMin(arr + 1, n - 1));
}

int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    // If there is single element, return it.
    // Else return maximum of first element and
    // maximum of remaining array.
    return (n == 1) ? arr[0] : max(arr[0], 
                          getMax(arr + 1, n - 1));
}

int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << "Minimum element of array: " << 
                            getMin(arr, n) << "\n";
    cout << "Maximum element of array: " << 
                                   getMax(arr, n);
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>

// Function to find minimum element in an array
int getMin(int arr[], int n)
{
    if (n == 1)
        return arr[0];
    else
        return (getMin(arr + 1, n - 1) < arr[0])
                   ? getMin(arr + 1, n - 1)
                   : arr[0];
}

// Function to find maximum element in an array
int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    if (n == 1)
        return arr[0];
    else
        return (getMax(arr + 1, n - 1) > arr[0])
                   ? getMax(arr + 1, n - 1)
                   : arr[0];
}

int main()
{
    // Input array
    int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);

    // Find and print minimum and maximum elements
    printf("Minimum element of array: %d\n",
           getMin(arr, n));
    printf("Maximum element of array: %d\n",
           getMax(arr, n));

    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find minimum 
// (or maximum) element
// in an array.
import java.io.*;
public class GFG 
{

static int getMin(int arr[], int i, int n)
{
    // If there is single element, return it.
    // Else return minimum of first element and
    // minimum of remaining array.
    return (n == 1) ? arr[i] : Math.min(arr[i], 
                        getMin(arr,i + 1 , n - 1));
}

static int getMax(int arr[], int i, int n)
{
    // If there is single element, return it.
    // Else return maximum of first element and
    // maximum of remaining array.
    return (n == 1) ? arr[i] : Math.max(arr[i], 
                         getMax(arr ,i + 1, n - 1));
}

// Driver code
public static void main(String[] args) 
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
    int n = arr.length;
    System.out.print("Minimum element of array: " + 
                        getMin(arr, 0, n) + "\n");
    System.out.println("Maximum element of array: " + 
                        getMax(arr, 0, n));
    }
}

/* This code contributed by PrinciRaj1992 */

Python

# Python3 program to find minimum 
# (or maximum) element in an array.
def getMin(arr, n):
    if(n==1):
        return arr[0]
    # If there is single element, return it. 
    # Else return minimum of first element 
    # and minimum of remaining array. 
    else:
        return min(getMin(arr[1:], n-1), arr[0])
def getMax(arr, n): 
    if(n==1):
        return arr[0]
    # If there is single element, return it. 
    # Else return maximum of first element 
    # and maximum of remaining array. 
    else:
        return max(getMax(arr[1:], n-1), arr[0])

# Driver code
arr = [12, 1234, 45, 67, 1]
n = len(arr)
print("Minimum element of array: ", 
                   getMin(arr, n));
print("Maximum element of array: ",
                   getMax(arr, n));

# This code is contributed by 
# Mohit Kumar 29

// C# program to find minimum 
// (or maximum) element 
// in an array.
using System; 

class GFG 
{ 

static int getMin(int []arr, int i, int n) 
{ 
    // If there is single element, return it. 
    // Else return minimum of first element and 
    // minimum of remaining array. 
    return (n == 1) ? arr[i] : Math.Min(arr[i], 
                    getMin(arr,i + 1 , n - 1)); 
} 

static int getMax(int []arr, int i, int n) 
{ 
    // If there is single element, return it. 
    // Else return maximum of first element and 
    // maximum of remaining array. 
    return (n == 1) ? arr[i] : Math.Max(arr[i], 
                    getMax(arr ,i + 1, n - 1)); 
} 

// Driver code 
public static void Main(String[] args) 
{ 
    int []arr = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 }; 
    int n = arr.Length; 
    Console.WriteLine("Minimum element of array: " +
                                getMin(arr, 0, n)); 
    Console.WriteLine("Maximum element of array: " + 
                                getMax(arr, 0, n)); 
} 
} 

// This code is contributed by Mohit

JavaScript

// javascript program to find minimum 
// (or maximum) element
// in an array.    
function getMin(arr , i , n) {
        // If there is single element, return it.
        // Else return minimum of first element and
        // minimum of remaining array.
        return (n == 1) ? arr[i] : Math.min(arr[i], 
        getMin(arr, i + 1, n - 1));
    }

    function getMax(arr , i , n) {
        // If there is single element, return it.
        // Else return maximum of first element and
        // maximum of remaining array.
        return (n == 1) ? arr[i] : Math.max(arr[i],  
               getMax(arr, i + 1, n - 1));
    }

    // Driver code
    
        var arr = [ 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 ];
        var n = arr.length;
        console.log("Minimum element of array: " + 
        getMin(arr, 0, n) + "<br/>");
        console.log("Maximum element of array: " + getMax(arr, 0, n));

// This code contributed by Rajput-Ji

PHP

<?php
// Function to find minimum element in an array
function getMin($arr, $n) {
    if ($n == 1)
        return $arr[0];
    else
        return (getMin(array_slice($arr, 1), $n - 1) < $arr[0]) ? getMin(array_slice($arr, 1), $n - 1) : $arr[0];
}

// Function to find maximum element in an array
function getMax($arr, $n) {
    if ($n == 1)
        return $arr[0];
    else
        return (getMax(array_slice($arr, 1), $n - 1) > $arr[0]) ? getMax(array_slice($arr, 1), $n - 1) : $arr[0];
}

// Input array
$arr = [12, 1234, 45, 67, 1];
$n = count($arr);

// Find and print minimum and maximum elements
echo "Minimum element of array: " . getMin($arr, $n) . "\n";
echo "Maximum element of array: " . getMax($arr, $n) . "\n";
?>

Output

Minimum element of array: 1
Maximum element of array: 1234

Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(n), as implicit stack is used due to recursion

Using Library functions:
We can use min_element() and max_element() to find minimum and maximum of array.

C++

// CPP program to find minimum (or maximum) element
// in an array.
#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;

int getMin(int arr[], int n)
{
    return *min_element(arr, arr + n);
}

int getMax(int arr[], int n)
{
    return *max_element(arr, arr + n);
}

int main()
{
    int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    cout << "Minimum element of array: " << getMin(arr, n)
         << "\n";
    cout << "Maximum element of array: " << getMax(arr, n);
    return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

// Compare function for qsort
int compare(const void *a, const void *b) {
    return (*(int *)a - *(int *)b);
}

// Function to find minimum element in an array
int getMin(int arr[], int n) {
    qsort(arr, n, sizeof(int), compare);
    return arr[0];
}

// Function to find maximum element in an array
int getMax(int arr[], int n) {
    qsort(arr, n, sizeof(int), compare);
    return arr[n - 1];
}

int main() {
    int arr[] = {12, 1234, 45, 67, 1};
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]);
    printf("Minimum element of array: %d\n", getMin(arr, n));
    printf("Maximum element of array: %d\n", getMax(arr, n));
    return 0;
}

Java

// Java program to find minimum (or maximum) element
// in an array.
import java.util.Arrays;

class GFG {

    static int getMin(int arr[], int n)
    {
        return Arrays.stream(arr).min().getAsInt();
    }

    static int getMax(int arr[], int n)
    {
        return Arrays.stream(arr).max().getAsInt();
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void main(String[] args)
    {
        int arr[] = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
        int n = arr.length;
        System.out.println("Minimum element of array: "
                           + getMin(arr, n));
        System.out.println("Maximum element of array: "
                           + getMax(arr, n));
    }
}
/*This Java code is contributed by 29AjayKumar*/

Python

# Python3 program to find minimum
# (or maximum) element
# in an array.


def getMin(arr, n):
    return min(arr)


def getMax(arr, n):
    return max(arr)


# Driver Code
if __name__ == '__main__':
    arr = [12, 1234, 45, 67, 1]
    n = len(arr)
    print("Minimum element of array: ", getMin(arr, n))
    print("Maximum element of array: ", getMax(arr, n))

# This code is contributed by
# Shrikant13

// C# program to find minimum
// (or maximum) element in an array.
using System;
using System.Linq;
class GFG {
    static int getMin(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        return arr.Min();
    }

    static int getMax(int[] arr, int n)
    {
        return arr.Max();
    }

    // Driver code
    public static void Main(String[] args)
    {
        int[] arr = { 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 };
        int n = arr.Length;
        Console.WriteLine("Minimum element of array: "
                          + getMin(arr, n));
        Console.WriteLine("Maximum element of array: "
                          + getMax(arr, n));
    }
}

// This code is contributed by 29AjayKumar

JavaScript

// Javascript program to find 
// minimum (or maximum) element 
// in an array. 

    function getMin(arr , n) 
    {
        return Math.min.apply(Math,arr);
    }

    function getMax(arr , n) {
        return Math.max.apply(Math,arr);
    }

    // Driver code
    
        var arr = [ 12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 ];
        var n = arr.length;
        console.log("Minimum element of array: " + 
        getMin(arr, n)+"<br/>");
        console.log("Maximum element of array: "
        + getMax(arr, n));

// This code contributed by aashish1995

PHP

<?php 
// PHP program to find minimum (or maximum) 
// element in an array. 

function getMin(&$arr, $n) 
{ 
    return min($arr); 
} 

function getMax(&$arr, $n) 
{ 
    return max($arr); 
} 

// Driver Code
$arr = array(12, 1234, 45, 67, 1 ); 
$n = sizeof($arr); 
echo "Minimum element of array: " . 
           getMin($arr, $n) . "\n"; 
echo "Maximum element of array: " .
                  getMax($arr, $n); 

// This code is contributed 
// by ChitraNayal
?>

Output

Minimum element of array: 1
Maximum element of array: 1234

Time Complexity: O(n)
Auxiliary Space: O(1), as no extra space is used

Find the minimum and maximum sum of N-1 elements of the array

Aarti_Rathi

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Program to find the minimum (or maximum) element of an array

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