When a blockchain application faces scalability issues due to sudden spikes in user activity, it’s essential to have a flexible approach to handle the load. Start by implementing sharding, which divides the blockchain into smaller partitions or shards, allowing the system to process transactions more efficiently. Off-chain solutions like state channels or sidechains can offload some transactions, keeping the main blockchain less congested. Layered architectures, such as using layer-2 solutions, help distribute traffic and resources during peak periods. Load balancing across nodes and implementing dynamic resource allocation also improve performance.

Okay so i am summing up everything here. So to handle scalability issues. First of all in the planning stage of the application decide which blockchain and which layer you have to go because it is really important and crucial step. Because you already know that what would be the purpose of your application so you can get a idea that how much load there could be on your application. Other than this if you have taken the wrong step and now have to do something so first of all try to shift layer2 technology like if you are on Ethereum move on to polygon. You Can also try sharding which divides blockchain into components to increase scalability. And also you can try to put some data off-chain that will also reduce the load