What are some design strategies for buildings that can adapt to increased precipitation?

1 Rainwater Harvesting

One way to turn increased precipitation into an opportunity is to collect and reuse rainwater for non-potable purposes, such as irrigation, toilet flushing, or cooling. Rainwater harvesting systems can reduce the demand for municipal water supply and the runoff of stormwater, which can cause erosion and pollution. To design a rainwater harvesting system, you need to consider the catchment area, the storage capacity, the filtration and treatment methods, and the distribution system. You also need to comply with local regulations and codes regarding water quality and safety.

2 Green Roofs

Another strategy to deal with increased precipitation is to install green roofs, which are roofs covered with vegetation and soil. Green roofs can reduce the amount of rainwater that reaches the ground by absorbing, retaining, and evaporating some of it. They can also provide insulation, reduce urban heat island effect, improve air quality, and enhance biodiversity. To design a green roof, you need to consider the structural load, the drainage layer, the growing medium, the plant selection, and the maintenance requirements. You also need to ensure adequate waterproofing and fire protection.

3 Flood-Resilient Materials

A third strategy to cope with increased precipitation is to use flood-resilient materials that can withstand or recover from water exposure. Flood-resilient materials can prevent or minimize water damage, mold growth, and corrosion, and reduce the costs and time of repair and restoration. Some examples of flood-resilient materials are concrete, ceramic tiles, metal, plastic, rubber, and treated wood. To choose flood-resilient materials, you need to consider the flood duration, depth, frequency, and contamination level, as well as the material properties, performance, and durability.

4 Elevated Structures

A fourth strategy to adapt to increased precipitation is to elevate structures above the ground level or the expected flood level. Elevated structures can avoid or reduce the impact of flooding, especially in low-lying or coastal areas. They can also provide ventilation, natural light, and views. To design elevated structures, you need to consider the foundation type, the structural system, the access and egress, and the aesthetics. You also need to account for the wind load, the seismic load, and the thermal performance.

5 Permeable Surfaces

A fifth strategy to manage increased precipitation is to use permeable surfaces that allow water to infiltrate into the soil or a drainage system. Permeable surfaces can reduce the runoff of stormwater, which can overwhelm the sewer system and cause flooding. They can also recharge groundwater, filter pollutants, and moderate temperature. Some examples of permeable surfaces are gravel, pavers, porous asphalt, permeable concrete, and grass. To design permeable surfaces, you need to consider the soil type, the infiltration rate, the slope, and the maintenance.

6 Adaptive Landscaping

A sixth strategy to respond to increased precipitation is to use adaptive landscaping that can tolerate or benefit from water fluctuations. Adaptive landscaping can enhance the aesthetic, ecological, and functional value of the site, and provide stormwater management, erosion control, and habitat creation. Some examples of adaptive landscaping are rain gardens, bioswales, wetlands, and native plants. To design adaptive landscaping, you need to consider the site conditions, the water sources, the plant selection, and the irrigation.

7 Here’s what else to consider

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