What are the main challenges and opportunities of using electric or hybrid propulsion for ECS?

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Electric or hybrid propulsion systems are gaining interest in the aviation industry as a way to reduce fuel consumption, emissions, and noise. However, they also pose significant challenges and opportunities for the design and operation of the environmental control system (ECS), which provides air conditioning, pressurization, and ventilation for the aircraft cabin and cockpit. In this article, you will learn about the main aspects of ECS that are affected by electric or hybrid propulsion, and how they can be addressed or exploited to improve performance, comfort, and safety.